NASA 1992 SBIR Phase 1 Solicitation
Project Title:
Advanced Turbulence Models on Unstructured Triangular Meshes
92-1-01.01-2600 NAS03-26912
Advanced Turbulence Models on Unstructured
Triangular Meshes
Fluent, Inc.
10 Cavendish Court, Centerra Resource Park
Lebanon, NH 03766
Jayathi Y. Murthy (603-643-2600)
Abstract:
In recent years, there has been great interest in
unstructured triangular and/or tetrahedral meshes for flow
problems. These meshes offer geometric flexibility and the ability
to do solution-adaptive calculations. However, most solvers based
on this topology deal only with Euler flows. This project's
objective is to develop advanced models for unstructured
triangular and/or tetrahedral meshes addressing the basic
numerical issues--the generation of viscous meshes, robust and
accurate upwinding schemes, and the development of implicit
solvers using multi-grid methods which do not require elaborate
geometric constructions. These numerical advances will be used to
compute turbulence with advanced models which account for
rotation, separation, and curvature. Phase I will demonstrate the
viability of the numerical schemes. The standard high-Re -
model will be used. Phase II will extend the basic numerical
methods developed in Phase I to more complex models--low-Re models
and second-moment closure models. The computation of stretched
meshes will also be addressed. The resultant code will greatly
expand the ability of triangular and/or tetrahedral solvers to
address practical turbulent flows.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Solvers which are based on the
triangular and/or tetrahedral unstructured mesh topology will find
wide use in industry because they greatly reduce the time required
to set up meshes. Advanced turbulence models will widen the scope
of these solvers so that flows in turbomachinery, combustion,
manufacturing, and materials processing can be computed more
accurately.
Project Title:
Advanced Software for Soot Modeling
92-1-01.01-3800 NAS03-26904
Advanced Software for Soot Modeling
Creare, Inc.
P.O. Box 71
Hanover, NH 03755
James J. Barry (603-643-3800)
Abstract:
This project addresses the need for improved analytical tools
for predicting soot formation and behavior in combustion processes
by developing an innovative software package. The software will
model the processes of soot nucleation, surface growth,
coagulation, oxidation, and radiation based on a poly-disperse
aerosol model. The soot model will take the form of a separate
software module linkable to existing combustion and computational
fluid dynamics codes.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The software will be
applicable for simulating combustion processes and exhaust
emissions. The soot software module could be coupled to many
different combustion and computational fluid dynamics codes, both
public-domain and commercial.
***
Project Title:
Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics Tools for Design of Combustors and Nozzles
92-1-01.01-8145 NAS03-26913
Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics Tools for
Design of Combustors and Nozzles
Daat Research Corporation
17 Montview Drive
Lyme, NH 03768
Arkady S. Dvinsky (603-643-8145)
Abstract:
A computational fluid dynamics tool that offers significant
improvements in computational speed for modeling high speed
chemical reacting flows will be developed. Phase I will
demonstrate the capabilities of the CFD techniques for modeling
flows in the Reacting Shear Layer Facility at NASA Lewis Research
Center. The computed results will be compared against the
available data. Based on the results of numerical experiments,
Phase II will develop specifications for the computer program, a
plan for additional required capabilities, and the delivery of the
completed computer program to NASA.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: A predictive tool that can
model propulsion systems is important to NASA and commercial
aircraft and rocket engine manufacturers. With such predictive
tools, development of new engines will be accomplished more
quickly and economically.
***
Project Title:
Cooled Porous Ceramic Vane for High Temperature Turbine Engine
92-1-01.02-0236 NAS03-26841
Cooled Porous Ceramic Vane for High Temperature Turbine Engine
Components
Ultramet
12173 Montague Street
Pacoima, CA 91331
Sangvavann Heng (818-899-0236)
Abstract:
Improved turbojet engine efficiency can be achieved through
increasing engine operating temperatures. Unfortunately, current
materials of construction are limited in temperature capability, and
require excessive cooling when gas temperatures exceed approximately
1260 C. To meet IHPTET requirements of doubling thrust-to-weight
ratio and decreasing specific fuel compsumption by 50% by the end of
the century, engine operating temperatures must be increased to
approximately 1540-1760 C with reduced coolant flow penalties. The
coolant flow penalties can be reduced to a certin extent through the
use of advanced materials (C/SiC and SiC/SiC), but these materials
are still not capable of extended lifetimes at temperatures above
approximately 1370-1430 C. To successfully allow turbine operation
at temperatures in the 1650 C temperature regime, efficient cooling
schemes must be developed for these advanced materials. In this
Phase I program, Ultramet proposes to develop a preliminary design
and supporting database for the production of a cooled C/SiC stator
vane. Component construction will consist of a structural ceramic
foam core supporting a transpiration-cooled C/SiC composite
facesheet/airfoil. Critical issues of heat transfer efficiency,
cooled composite fabrication, and effect of cooling holes/channels
on mechanical properties will be resolved through coupon
fabrication, testing, and modeling.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Cooled ceramic blades will make
their first impact in cruise missile engines after successful
testing in the Phase III IHPTET demonstrator engine. Cooled ceramic
exhaust nozzle components are expected to replace current metallic
and carbon/carbon designs due to the easy maintainability of ceramic
omponents, with initial engine testing occurring within one to three
years.
Turbine Engines, Stator Vane, Carbon/Silicon Carbide (C/SiC), Foam,
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
***
Project Title:
A Variable-Speed, Constant-Frequency, Integral, Induction Starter-Generator
92-1-01.02-0540A NAS03-26723
A Variable-Speed, Constant-Frequency, Integral,
Induction Starter-Generator
Satcon Technology Corporation
12 Emily Street
Cambridge, MA 02139-4507
James R. Downer (617-661-0540)
Abstract:
Turbine engines are started via an electric starter driven by
a start cart. The starter spins the gas generator to the minimum
speed for igniting the combustor, then accelerates the engine to
idle. In flight, electric power is provided by a separate
generator. This project will develop a preliminary design of an
integral starter-generator (IIS-G) based on an induction machine.
The IIS-G will reside within a turbine engine and replace the
existing starter and integral drive generator. An IIS-G will
benefit overall engine design weight and performance, and will
either allow for the redesign or elimination of the auxiliary
gearbox. This system will also allow the bypass air ducting to be
redesigned for optimum thrust. The IIS-G will be compatible with
aircraft electric power distribution systems employing pulse-
density modulation, which have been developed at the NASA Lewis
Research Center.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The integral induction
starter-generator will be immediately marketable to aircraft
engine manufacturers for use in advance system developments for
the integrated high-performance turbine engine technology
initiative. Major manufacturers are interested in this technology
because eliminating the auxiliary gearbox will reduce weight.
***
Project Title:
High-Speed Inlet Design Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
92-1-01.02-5094 NAS03-26718
High-Speed Inlet Design Using Computational Fluid
Dynamics
Rose Engineering & Research, Inc.
P.O. Box 5146
Incline Village, NV 89450
William C. Rose (702-831-5094)
Abstract:
Although much discussion has been devoted to the promise of
computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a useful design tool, little
has been done to establish CFD as a credible element of a working
design process for high-speed engine inlet systems. Additional
work must be done to utilize CFD in day-to-day design problems of
supersonic and hypersonic inlets. CFD has been used exclusively as
an analysis tool without being applied to derive the aerodynamic
contours used in the definition of the high-speed inlet. Recently,
the firm has used CFD in a design process which is entirely
manual, requiring extensive "man-in-the-loop" efforts. This
project will investigate how modern mathematical optimization
techniques, in conjunction with existing CFD analysis codes, can
lead to the automation of the inlet design process.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The new high-speed inlet
design process will reduce the amount of work involved in deriving
contours for novel configurations. When time and manpower
requirements are reduced, substantial use of this design process
code will be expected from the commercial aircraft industry.
***
Project Title:
Innovative Variable Geometry Fuel-Air Premix Tube for Low NOx Gas Turbine Combustors
92-1-01.01-6576 NAS03-26717
Innovative Variable Geometry Fuel-Air Premix Tube
for Low NOx Gas Turbine Combustors
CFD Research Corporation
3325-D Triana Boulevard
Huntsville, AL 35805
D. Scott Crocker (205-536-6576)
Abstract:
Lean-premixed-prevaporized (LPP) combustors provide an
effective method for meeting low NOx requirements in engines with
high combustor inlet temperature and pressure. These conditions
are expected in the high speed civil transport and future advanced
subsonic civil transport aircraft. At present, reliable variable
geometry premixing devices that provide adequate fuel-air mixing,
without risk of auto-ignition or flashback, have yet to be
demonstrated. This project will explore such a variable geometry
premix tube. Phase I will evaluate several innovative concepts for
providing superior mixing with minimal residence time, as well as
a novel variable geometry mechanism. Feasibility demonstrations of
the selected designs will be accomplished using a three-
dimensional turbulent flow analysis. The analysis will include a
liquid droplet spray and evaporation model. The results will be
reviewed and assessed with the assistance of the General Electric
Corporation, the selected subcontractor. In Phase II, the most
promising designs will be optimized using a combined numerical and
experimental approach. Experimental tests will be performed using
existing experimental rigs at General Electric or NASA Lewis
Research Center. Premix tube concepts that are successfully
demonstrated in Phase II will have strong potential for future
transition into commercial and military low-NOx combustors.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The final product of this
project will be a variable geometry premix tube capable of
providing superior fuel-air mixing for low-NOx, LPP combustors.
This product will be of significant interest to gas turbine engine
manufacturers.
***
Project Title:
Silicon-Carbide Ultraviolet and Near-Ultraviolet Optoelectronics
92-1-01.03-0900 NAS03-26716
Silicon-Carbide Ultraviolet and Near-Ultraviolet
Optoelectronics
Kulite Semiconductor Products, Inc.
One Willow Tree Road
Leonia, NJ 07605
Joseph S. Shor (201-461-0900)
Abstract:
Semiconductor light sources and optoelectronics are currently
limited in wavelength to the visible and infrared portions of the
spectrum. The lowest wavelength devices currently available are
blue light emitting diodes (LEDs), fabricated from 6H-SiC.
However, SiC has an indirect band gap which limits the efficiency
of optical devices. Recently, reports suggest that
microcrystalline pores in semiconductors can cause bandgap
widening and direct bandgap transitions in indirect bandgap
materials. This project will develop ultraviolet (UV) and near-
ultraviolet (near-UV) optoelectronics capability in SiC by
fabricating quantum-sized porous structures in SiC. The goal of
Phase I is to form porous SiC layers that exhibit UV luminescence.
In Phase II, a UV optoelectronic device, namely a UV LED, will be
developed and tested.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: UV-emitting porous SiC will
extend the capability of optoelectronics by including lower
wavelengths in semiconductor light sources and optoelectronic
devices. Among its applications, a UV LED can be used in high
spacial resolution optical storage and, in optical communication
systems, as a light source compatible with UV fibers and receiv-
ers.
***
Project Title:
An Optical Instrument to Measure Liquid Water Content and Droplet Spectra in Clouds
92-1-01.03-1105 NAS03-26905
An Optical Instrument to Measure Liquid Water
Content and Droplet Spectra in Clouds
Spec, Inc.
5401 Western Avenue
Boulder, CO 80301
R. Paul Lawson (303-449-1105)
Abstract:
Measuring liquid water content and drop spectra in clouds is
fundamental to most meteorologic studies such as the formation and
evolution of precipitation, the radiative effect of clouds on
climate change, atmospheric chemistry, and aircraft icing.
Presently, measurements of liquid water content in clouds are
notoriously unreliable. While some improvements have occurred over
the past two decades, instruments available for the measurement of
cloud liquid water content still perform inadequately. Phase I
will investigate an optical technique that provides a direct
measurement of liquid water content and drop spectra from an
ensemble of drops in the sample volume. A prototype instrument
will be built that measures the forward scattered light with an
angular resolution of 0.033ø. The angular measurements of light
intensity can be processed in real time to provide two outputs:
liquid water content after appropriate weighting of the basis
functions and drop spectra from inversion of the (overdetermined)
intensity matrix. These concurrent measurements can be made with a
spatial resolution of 0.1 m from an aircraft. In Phase II, an
airborne version of the instrument will be built and tested.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: An instrument which reliably
measures liquid water content and drop spectra in clouds will be
useful on research aircraft, and may be necessary to evaluate the
effects of clouds on climate change. The instrument might also be
used as an icing severity indicator on passenger and military
aircraft. As a ground-based device, the instrument will not
require airspeed measurements and can be used to measure the
riming rate on mountaintops, providing an estimate of acid
deposition. It can also be used to measure visibility at airports.
***
Project Title:
Enhanced Performance Seeking Control Using Neural-Network-Based State Estimation
92-1-01.03-9106 NAS03-26911
Enhanced Performance Seeking Control Using
Neural-Network-Based State Estimation
Neurodyne, Inc.
8 Marlborough Street, Suite 4
Boston, MA 02116
Theresa W. Long (617-437-9106)
Abstract:
Future aircraft will require integrated flight and propulsion
control systems to satisfy critical mission requirements. As a
result of increased constraints to satisfy these requirements,
alternative approaches to traditional methods must be examined.
Aircraft flight and propulsion control systems are traditionally
designed to operate independently. This often results in a system
where performance is compromised for robustness and operability.
Under a program sponsored by NASA-Dryden, the performance seeking
control algorithm uses on-board models of the inlet, engine, and
nozzle to optimize total propulsion system performance in-flight.
This system has resulted in significant increases in maximum
thrust while reducing fuel consumption. However, a nonlinear
adaptive estimation component is needed to adapt the on-board
models for off-nominal behavior such as engine deterioration and
engine-to-engine variations. The firm will team with Scientific
Systems and McDonnell Douglas in the development of a nonlinear
adaptive engine identification method using a combination of
stochastic realization algorithms and neural-network-based Kalman
filtering for integrated flight and propulsion control. This
effort will also utilize neural network processing hardware
developed by NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which is compatible
with the PSC vehicle management system flight computer.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Application of this system to
commercial aircraft could significantly affect civil
transportation as a result of the ability to optimize engine
performance, increase engine life, and reduce fuel consumption.
***
Project Title:
Advanced Scramjet Combustor Technology
92-1-01.04-1122 NAS03-26929
Advanced Scramjet Combustor Technology
Science Research Laboratory, Inc.
15 Ward Street
Somerville, MA 02143
Stephen Fulghum (617-547-1122)
Abstract:
Combustion technology is currently limited by flame
stabilization techniques, which impose operating constraints and
losses detrimental to overall scramjet performance for NASA
aerospace applications. A new concept, based on initiating and
sustaining combustion via volumetric production of free radicals
with an electron beam, may lead to efficient scramjet operation
over a significantly higher range of Mach numbers (M4-M25). Proof-
of-concept H2-air experiments have demonstrated that radical
production by uniform injection of an electron beam can produce
rapid volumetric ignition at temperatures well below autoignition,
with electron beam doses small compared to mixture specific
heating values. Radical production, promoting more rapid chain
branching in the combustion process, is via electron-molecule
dissociation. High electron beam source efficiency and large gas
penetration depths offer significant advantages over alternative
approaches. Phase I objectives are to design an experiment which
measures ignition delay time as a function of relevant parameters
for three fuels (H2-air, ethene-air, and ethane-air), and to
extend current electron-beam-initiated combustion models to
determine optimal experimental operating regimes. Ignition time
delay will be measured in Phase II experiments which will
establish feasibility by comparing measured time delays and
corresponding electron-beam energy dose with feasibility criteria
for scramjet propulsion.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: In addition to improving
scramjet performance at high Mach numbers, electron-beam-enhanced
combustor technology will have a broad range of commercial
applications in industrial combustors, which also have limitations
in performance imposed by existing flame stabilization techniques.
***
Project Title:
Multidimensional Wave Models for Solution-Adaptive Grid Generation
92-1-02.01-1400A NAS02-13797
Multidimensional Wave Models for
Solution-Adaptive Grid Generation
Vigyan, Inc.
30 Research Drive
Hampton, VA 23666-1325
Paresh Parikh (804-865-1400)
Abstract:
This project will develop a solution-adaptive unstructured
grid generation methodology for two-dimensional flow, using wave
orientation information derived from a multidimensional wave
decomposition of the flow data. The adaption procedure will be
used to align cell faces with dominant flow features, which will
improve the resolution of solutions obtained using standard grid-
aligned flow solvers. Phase I will demonstrate the feasibility of
the approach as a means to improve the efficiency and accuracy of
numerical methods for the equations of fluid flow.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: This project promises to
improve accuracy and efficiency of existing numerical methods used
in high technology industry.
***
Project Title:
Wavelet Methods for the Compressible Euler and Navier-Stokes Equations
92-1-02.01-1700 NAS02-13801
Wavelet Methods for the Compressible Euler and
Navier-Stokes Equations
Aware, Inc.
One Memorial Drive
Cambridge, MA 02142
John Weiss (617-577-1700)
Abstract:
The firm has developed a wavelet-based method for the
solution of boundary value problems in arbitrary geometries. This
method (wavelet capacitance method) is defined by a non-trivial
extension of the classical capacitance matrix method, and unlike
the classical method, can be spectrally accurate. This project
will develop Wavelet-Galerkin and pseudo-Galerkin algorithms for
the compressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations in an arbitrary
(smooth) domain. The firm will conduct a detailed comparison of
the pseudo-Galerkin wavelet algorithm and the algorithm based on
the standard Wavelet-Galerkin method. A preliminary study of two-
dimensional compressible flows, for a range of Mach and Reynolds
numbers, will also be conducted using wavelet methods.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: If, as the preliminary results
indicate, wavelet methods can properly resolve shocks, turbulence,
and discontinuities at interfaces, then it will be possible to
incorporate the effects into the engineering process.
***
Project Title:
A Pseudo-Spectral Mapping Technique for the Accurate Solution of Viscous Flows in Complex
92-1-02.01-3688 NAS02-13796
A Pseudo-Spectral Mapping Technique for the
Accurate Solution of Viscous Flows in Complex
Geometries
Dynaflow, Inc.
7210 Pindell School Road
Fulton, MD 20759
R. Duraiswami (301-604-3688)
Abstract:
The fundamental understanding of many fluid flow phenomena
would be greatly enhanced if it were possible to simulate fluid
flow in complex geometries with high resolution. The spectral
method has been used successfully for this purpose in simpler
geometries. This project will combine the spectral method with an
orthogonal-mapping-grid-generation method, based on the theory of
quasi-conformal mappings, to simulate viscous fluid flow in
complex geometries. This approach offers order-of-magnitude
advantages in accuracy and speed over conventional methods for
solving such problems, reduces errors in boundary condition repre-
sentation, and is suited to the solution of nonlinear problems.
Phase I will develop a computer code based on this approach and
apply it to the problem of viscous flow past a cavity of complex
shape. Phase II will concentrate on the further extension and
application of the code to more complicated flows, including free-
surface flows, and on the development of a user-friendly
commercializable code, with pre- and post-processing features.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The computer code will be
useful to private industry, research laboratories, and federal
agencies to simulate flows in many areas of aerodynamics,
including coating-flows, free-surface flows, flow in pipes of
complicated cross-section, and biological flows.
***
Project Title:
Advanced Discretization Algorithm for Computational Fluid Dynamics Methods
92-1-02.01-9457 NAS02-13794
Advanced Discretization Algorithm for
Computational Fluid Dynamics Methods
Nielsen Engineering & Research, Inc.
510 Clyde Avenue
Mountain View, CA 94043-2287
Robert E. Childs (415-968-9457)
Abstract:
This project concerns high-accuracy, shock-capturing
differencing algorithms. Theory indicates that the advanced
eighth-order method can reduce by a factor of about 100 the number
of grid points required for accurate discretization of complex
three-dimensional flows when compared to typical second-order
methods. The objective of this project is to determine if the
theoretical improvement is attained in relevant flows and to
address issues concerning the implementation of high-accuracy
methods in modern computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes. These
issues will be resolved through analysis and calculations of model
problems.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: CFD is used by NASA and a wide
range of commercial firms in the aerospace, automotive, and
electronics industries. Improved CFD methods will benefit NASA and
these industries by providing more accurate and less costly
research, development, and design methodologies.
***
Project Title:
Transition Prediction and Laminar Flow Control in Compressible Three-Dimensional Boundary
92-1-02.02-0818 NAS01-19917
Transition Prediction and Laminar Flow Control in
Compressible Three-Dimensional Boundary
Layers Using Parabolized Stability Equations
High Technology Corporation
28 Research Drive
Hampton, VA 23666
Mujeeb R. Malik (804-865-0818)
Abstract:
This project will develop a transition prediction code for
three-dimensional compressible boundary layers. The code will be
based upon the parabolized stability equations (PSE) approach and
could be used both for subsonic and supersonic flows. Since the
PSE approach allows nonparallel as well as nonlinear effects, it
can properly account for wave interactions and could be used for
transition control studies including localized control through
either mean flow alteration or intelligent control using neural
networks.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The computer code can be used
as a design tool for NASA's laminar flow control program and can
be applied to subsonic aircraft as well as high speed civil
transport
***
Project Title:
Laser-Based Instrument for Nonintrusive Diagnostics of Hypersonic Reactive Flows
92-1-02.03-2299 NAS02-13799
Laser-Based Instrument for Nonintrusive
Diagnostics of Hypersonic Reactive Flows
Schwartz Electro-Optics, Inc.
45 Winthrop Street
Concord, MA 01742
Glen A. Rines (508-371-2299)
Abstract:
A new, laser-based, non-intrusive diagnostic instrument will
be developed for use in the study of hypersonic flows and
supersonic combustion processes. The instrument is comprised of a
single-frequency, high-energy, titanium-sapphire laser and high-
resolution, atomic resonance filters (ARFs). Phase I will develop
robust control-electronics hardware for maintaining single-
frequency operation of the titanium-sapphire laser and will
measure with high spectral resolution and high precision the
absorption features of a mercury-vapor ARF. This instrumentation
will make possible a wide range of new spectroscopic techniques,
ultimately allowing accurate two-dimensional and three-dimensional
measurements of scalar fields such as temperature, pressure, and
species concentrations (atomic, molecular, and radical), and
vector fields such as velocity and vorticity. These measurement
capabilities are critical to the future development of
sophisticated supersonic and hypersonic aircraft.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The instrumentation developed
under this program will have applications as a commercial
scientific laser system for use in basic investigations of atomic,
molecular, and radical species which are not necessarily in high-
speed flows, in particular, microgravity combustion diagnostics
and environmental remote-sensing applications.
***
Project Title:
High-Resolution Solutions to Stiff, Chemically Reacting Flow Fields
92-1-02.03-4471 NAS02-13798
High-Resolution Solutions to Stiff, Chemically
Reacting Flow Fields
Enig Association, Inc.
11120 New Hampshire Avenue, Suite 500
Silver Spring, MD 20705-2633
Jacob Krispin (301-593-4471)
Abstract:
This project will develop a state-of-the-art, second-order
accurate (hybrid, implicit-explicit, directionally unsplit,
Godunov-type), time-dependent scheme capable of solving high-
temperature, viscous, nonequilibrium, chemically reacting, and,
possibly, two-phase flow fields. The new scheme will be developed
to the point that realistic aerodynamic design and analysis
simulations, including the relevant aerothermodynamic flow fields,
can be calculated. Phase I will use a two-dimensional,
directionally unsplit, inviscid version of the scheme to solve for
stiff, chemically reacting model problems, implementing and
testing ideas recently published about high-order Godunov Schemes.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The code will provide an
optimal tool for the analysis of material structures, aerodynamic
designs, propulsion and performance analysis of hypersonic
vehicles.
***
Project Title:
Simultaneous Density and Velocity Measurements in Hypersonic Flow
92-1-02.03-5630B NAS01-19879
Simultaneous Density and Velocity Measurements
in Hypersonic Flow
Complere, Inc.
P.O. Box 1697
Palo Alto, CA 94302
F. Kevin Owen (415-321-5630)
Abstract:
While diagnostic tools are available to attempt the
measurement of turbulent hypersonic flows, few comprehensive
studies of these tools have been conducted. Moreover, comparisons
of new laser velocimeter turbulence measurements with previous hot
wire results indicate that past data reduction assumptions can
result in significant measurement errors in hypersonic flows.
Extensive work is needed to establish a reliable data base for
turbulence modeling. This project will search for a new concept
for the simultaneous, real-time measurement of density and
velocity and the compressible shear-stress terms.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: This new instrument will
potentially provide for advanced flow field diagnostics of
compressible flows. These new measurements will improve
comprehension of both the physics and the structure of turbulence
in high speed flows which can be used to develop empirical
turbulence models and to validate Navier-Stokes codes.
***
Project Title:
Measurement of Aerobrake Model Forces and Flow Fields
92-1-02.03-5630D NAS01-19874
Measurement of Aerobrake Model Forces and Flow
Fields
Complere, Inc.
P.O. Box 1697
Palo Alto, CA 94302
F. Kevin Owen (415-321-5630)
Abstract:
Aero-assisted space transfer vehicles have three primary
components: the aerobrake, the payload, and the propulsion unit.
Flow field interaction with and between these elements can have
significant effects on vehicle stability and allowable payload
size and shape. Of particular importance is the interaction of the
near wake with the payload compartment. In consequence, precise
determination of wake structure and closure is a critical issue
for aerobrake design. The heating and aerodynamic forces that may
result from the interactions between the payload and near wake are
not well understood. Additionally, available experimental data is
not sufficient to validate CFD models and may be contaminated to
unknown degrees by sting interference or model wire suspension
effects. This project's goal will be to develop innovative
magnetic model suspension and flow field instrumentation to
support code validation efforts.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Improved magnetic suspension
balance and flow field measurement systems for rarefied flows will
contribute to the national space program by providing data that
will help establish a sound technological foundation for the cost-
effective design of future aero-assisted space transfer vehicles.
***
Project Title:
A Leading Edge Extension Blowing Concept for Enhanced High-Alpha and Post-Stall
92-1-02.04-1400 NAS02-13781
A Leading Edge Extension Blowing Concept for
Enhanced High-Alpha and Post-Stall
Aerodynamics of Highly Maneuverable
Configurations
Vigyan, Inc.
30 Research Drive
Hampton, VA 23666-1325
D.M. Rao (804-865-1400)
Abstract:
Leading edge extensions (LEXs) are proven, passive, vortical
devices for improving the CL, max capability of thin, low aspect-
ratio wings. With the onset of vortex breakdown, severe pitch-up
and roll/yaw asymmetries develop in conjunction with lift loss,
making the configuration prone to departure. To alleviate these
undesirable post-stall aerodynamic characteristics, actively
controlled LEX concepts are needed where the vortical growth and
interaction with airframe surfaces may be controlled independently
of angles-of-attack and sideslip. A pneumatic approach to LEX
vortex control will be developed using spanwise ejection from LEX
leading-edge slots, both to augment the LEX vortices and to
laterally displace them on wings for improved aerodynamic
interactions in the post-stall regime. The concept incorporates
non-symmetrical blowing for lateral control. Associated potential
benefits include pitch-down, yaw control, and tail-buffet
alleviation. Following successful preliminary explorations, a low-
speed wind tunnel test program will be conducted on a generic
complete aircraft configuration aimed at detailed evaluations of
LEX slot geometry and momentum distributions to determine the best
aerodynamic effectiveness at practical blowing rates.
Additionally, six-component force-moment measurements and flow
visualizations will be performed, and the LEX blowing effects on
the vertical tail buffet will be monitored.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: This project will contribute
significantly to the NASA High-Alpha R&D programs and benefit the
military aircraft industry in its design concepts for future
highly-maneuverable tactical vehicles.
***
Project Title:
A Hybrid Structured-Unstructured Grid-Implicit Algorithm for Geometrically Complex Flow Fields
92-1-02.04-3304 NAS02-13789
A Hybrid Structured-Unstructured Grid-Implicit
Algorithm for Geometrically Complex Flow Fields
Amtec Engineering, Inc.
P.O. Box 3633
Bellevue, WA 98009-3633
Moeljo Soetrisno (206-827-3304)
Abstract:
Currently, structured-grid algorithms for solutions of the
Navier-Stokes equations are particularly efficient but are
restricted in their geometric flexibility. Unlike structured-grid
methods, unstructured-grid methods can easily treat complex
geometry configurations but have been found to be inefficient in
viscous-dominated regions such as boundary layers because of the
long, thin control volumes often countered in the boundary layer
and the treatment of turbulence models. Therefore, the geometric
flexibility of the unstructured-grid methods should be combined
with the numerical accuracy and efficiency of the structured-grid
methods. Hybrid methods can be used to efficiently obtain
solutions for geometrically complex flow fields. This project will
develop an efficient zonal-implicit algorithm for hybrid
structured-unstructured grids. The research will focus on implicit
techniques for solving the Navier-Stokes equations on unstructured
finite-volume grids and for zonal coupling between structured and
unstructured grids. The zonal approach gives the user full control
of the regions where unstructured-structured grids are applied.
Phase I results will demonstrate the hybrid approach and Phase II
will implement this approach in a production-version, three-
dimensional Navier-Stokes code for solutions of complex
configurations.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The hybrid structured-
unstructured grid-implicit algorithm results in both the geometric
flexibility of unstructured grids for easy mesh generation and the
numerical maturity and efficiency of structure-grids for complex
flow physics. The code can be used efficiently as both a design
and an analysis tool and will find a ready market in the aerospace
industry and other industries.
***
Project Title:
High-Alpha, Unsteady Surface-Flow, Diagnostic Tool for Aircraft Dynamics
92-1-02.05-7093 NAS01-19918
High-Alpha, Unsteady Surface-Flow, Diagnostic Tool
for Aircraft Dynamics
Analytical Services & Materials, Inc.
107 Research Drive
Hampton, VA 23666
Siva M. Mangalam (804-865-7093)
Abstract:
An innovative high-alpha, unsteady flow, diagnostic tool
incorporating advanced flow sensors, instrumentation, and surface-
flow signature analysis, will be developed for investigating
dynamic stall. Phase I will investigate high-alpha flow dynamics
in wind tunnel tests. Unsteady pitch motions will be imparted to a
model instrumented with multi-element hot-film sensors. Signature
analysis of simultaneously acquired signals from multiple sensors
will be used to capture post-stall flow characteristics such as
the location of the instantaneous' stagnation, separation, and
reattachment points and their associated unsteadiness (frequency),
thus allowing the demarcation of unsteady flow separation regions.
Phase II will test and develop a flight-validated, unsteady-flow
diagnostics tool capable of describing dynamic stall
characteristics and establishing a technical design data base for
unsteady aircraft dynamics, simulation, and control applications.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: A flightworthy, integrated,
unsteady-flow diagnostic tool capable of describing dynamic stall
characteristics will find a ready market in organizations involved
in aircraft design, manufacture, testing, and the validation of
computational tools.
***
Project Title:
A Unified Numerical Approach for Rotorcraft Aerodynamics
92-1-02.06-2021 NAS02-13785
A Unified Numerical Approach for Rotorcraft
Aerodynamics
Flow Analysis, Inc.
256 93rd Street
Brooklyn, NY 11212
Clin M. Wang (718-875-2021)
Abstract:
A new vorticity confinement method, which has been
demonstrated to convect vorticity on a coarse grid without
excessive numerical diffusion, is to be incorporated into an
efficient viscous flow solver to resolve complicated flow problems
encountered in rotorcrafts. The accuracy and the efficiency of the
new combined numerical approach will be demonstrated through pilot
computations of retreating blade dynamic stall and strong blade-
vortex interaction, including vortex impingement. The new code
will be able to treat realistic rotorcraft-type flows with
concentrated, thin vortical regions, as well as flows that may
involve continuous shedding of vorticity from the blade.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The new code will be efficient
and accurate for solving vortex dominated flows. These flows are
involved in many different applications, including problems
encountered by the aerospace industry and by builders of wind-
mills, ships, and automobiles.
***
Project Title:
Imaging Radiometer for the Characterization of Boundary Layer Phenomena
92-1-02.07-0204 NAS01-19906
Imaging Radiometer for the Characterization of
Boundary Layer Phenomena
SSG, Inc.
150 Bear Hill Road
Waltham, MA 02154
Wallace K. Wong (617-890-0204)
Abstract:
The critical boundary layer condition between laminar and
turbulent flow over an airfoil area is indicated by extremely
small temperature differences (a noise-equivalent T of .1øC). The
complexity of the measurement problem is dramatically increased by
the 100 K ambient temperature and the need for a non-perturbing
technique. The core innovation is the exploitation of wide-
spectral band, cryogenic optical systems, and commercial, mosaic
plane focal array technologies in a unique, calibratable imaging
radiometer operating at 100 K. The focal plane array (FPA) is an
Si:Ga array with response to 18 æm which uses the long wavelength
radiation emitted by the cold surface. Phase I trade studies will
determine the optimum combination of spatial resolution, noise-
equivalent T, field of regard, and instrument size with the fixed
FPA configuration to best meet the sensor requirements. Upon their
completion, a preliminary optical design and a conceptual system
design will be performed, and a prototype optical system will be
developed. The system will provide the desired sensitivity
increase in airfoil testing and permit improved design of high-
speed aircraft and high-altitude vehicles. The concept is
applicable to any remote, high sensitivity, wide-spectral
radiometric measurement application operating over a wide range of
ambient temperatures.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The concept applies to
calibrated radiometric measurement applications, including design
of commercial aircraft and space vehicles, transfer calibration of
radiometric standards and sensors, and testing of high
sensitivity, low background focal plane arrays.
***
Project Title:
A High Sensitivity, Large Bandwidth Constant Voltage Anemometer for Speed Transition
92-1-02.07-7093 NAS01-19919
A High Sensitivity, Large Bandwidth Constant
Voltage Anemometer for Speed Transition
Research
Analytical Services & Materials, Inc.
107 Research Drive
Hampton, VA 23666
Siva M. Mangalam (804-865-7093)
Abstract:
A new approach will be developed to measure low-amplitude,
high-frequency flow fluctuations which lead to high-speed
boundary-layer transition in low-disturbance (quiet) wind tunnels.
The constant voltage anemometer (CVA) concept provides large
bandwidths with high sensitivity. Preliminary studies at low
speeds have shown that the CVA holds significant promise for high-
speed applications. During Phase I, a prototype device will be
built and tested in high-speed wind tunnels, and the results will
be compared with data obtained under identical test conditions
using conventional instrumentation. Because conventional anemome-
ters have limited bandwidth and low signal-to-noise ratio at high
frequencies, independent tests will be conducted to establish the
bandwidth of the CVA. Concurrently, theoretical analysis will be
carried out to establish the relationship between the output
signals of the CVA and the physical flow parameters. During Phase
II, the CVA will be used to study attachment-line instability and
transition on a swept-wing model. These studies will be used to
establish the design parameters and operational characteristics of
the CVA for research and commercial applications.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The development of this device
will meet the demand for high-sensitivity, large-bandwidth thermal
anemometers needed for high-speed dynamic flow measurements. The
CVA will find commercial applications in all national and
international organizations involved in flow measurements.
***
Project Title:
High-Temperature, Fiber-Optic Pressure Sensor
92-1-02.08-2100 NAS01-19894
High-Temperature, Fiber-Optic Pressure Sensor
OPTRA, Inc.
461 Boston Street
Topsfield, MA 01983-1290
Andrew Lintz (508-887-6600)
Abstract:
The goal of this project is to develop a fiber-optic pressure
sensor suitable for use in temperatures up to 1500 K. The five-
millimeter-diameter sensor head consists of a sapphire sensing
element and a single-mode, high-birefringence fiber optic link to
the remote phase-processing electronics. The sensor
interferometrically measures the displacement of a thin sapphire
diaphragm that responds to pressure (0 - 50 psi) with a bandwidth
of greater than 25 kHz over a wide temperature range (300 K - 1500
K). This sensor introduces the use of an electro-optic modulator
to heterodyne the pressure signal and eliminate the temperature
sensitivity of the fiber. It also uses a robust interferometric
phase measurement technique that, unlike conventional
interferometric sensors, is linear at any operating point and
immune to fluctuations in laser power or fringe visibility.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: This measurement system is
characterized by ruggedness, absolute calibration, freedom from
electrical interference, remote processing through fiber optic
linkage, and the ability to operate over a very high temperature
range and bandwidth. Initial commercial applications will involve
either measurements in relatively inaccessible or hazardous
environments such as chemical process control and combustion or
specialized applications involving extreme temperatures.
***
Project Title:
Miniature Laser Velocimeter
92-1-02.08-6100 NAS01-19887
Miniature Laser Velocimeter
Deacon Research
2440 Embarcadero Way
Palo Alto, CA 94303
Pajo Vujkovic Cvijin (415-493-6100)
Abstract:
This project will build a laser-Doppler velocimeter with
sufficient accuracy and resolution to allow boundary-layer
measurement. The objective will be to design, build, and test a
first-of-its-kind velocimeter based on frequency stabilized diode
lasers and monostatic heterodyne technology. The instrument will
surpass the performance of other laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV)
techniques and have important advantages over its competition
related to its size, cost, lifetime, and ruggedness. The design
presented here is optimized for boundary-layer flow measurement in
wind tunnels. Phase I will set up the first model of the system
and measure the critical problem of flare and other operational
parameters related to wind tunnel application. Phase II will
engineer and construct a prototype system, install it on the 16-
foot wind tunnel at NASA Langley Research Center, and demonstrate
its performance.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The immediate application of
the instrument will be for boundary-layer flow measurement in wind
tunnels, fulfilling a critical need in aerodynamic measurement by
optical means. Commercial application for this low-cost technology
includes other areas of wind tunnel testing, air data measurement
in aircraft, and production control for sheet material.
***
Project Title:
Computational Methods for Rotor Transonic, Aeroacoustic-Aeroelastic Analyses
92-1-02.09-9282 NAS01-19880
Computational Methods for Rotor Transonic,
Aeroacoustic-Aeroelastic Analyses
Continuum Dynamics, Inc.
P.O. Box 3073
Princeton, NJ 08543
Todd R. Quackenbush (609-734-9282)
Abstract:
Advanced aeroacoustic analysis is required for the study of
high-speed rotorcraft. Extensions of existing tools can address
many important problems in rotor noise analysis, but prediction of
both unsteady loading and shock noise on rotors with transonic
blade tips requires the application of sophisticated flow solvers.
Additionally, recent work has identified the sensitivity of rotor
and propeller noise to structural deformation and to shock wave
strength and position. New techniques to address such problems can
be developed by using modern flow-field analysis codes along with
a new approach to fluid-structure coupling. This approach involves
a mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation of the Euler equations on
a moving mesh in which the equations governing the fluid and
structure are advanced simultaneously in a way that greatly
increases the accuracy of the computed energy exchange between the
two media. This project investigates the feasibility of coupling
this approach with the RotorCRAFT comprehensive rotor analysis
software to produce surface loading and shock characteristics for
use in rotor noise computations. The project will also assess the
advantages of the new formulation and lay the groundwork for an
advanced analysis of computational aeroelasticity for the study of
high-speed rotorcraft aeroacoustics.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The principal benefit to
commercial licensors of this technology will be the ability to
analyze and design low-noise tiltrotors and helicopters that will
satisfy the requirements of potential customers for both civil and
military applications.
***
Project Title:
Auxiliary Jet Impingement to Reduce Jet Noise
92-1-02.10-7070 NAS03-26720
Auxiliary Jet Impingement to Reduce Jet Noise
Aerochem Research Laboratories, Inc.
P.O. Box 12
Princeton, NJ 08542
Charles H. Berman (609-921-7070)
Abstract:
Supersonic jet noise will be reduced by using small auxiliary
jets to impinge on the main noise producing jet, causing it to mix
faster with the ambient fluid and reduce its velocity. The idea
for the innovation is based on low Reynolds number, supersonic
tests performed at AeroChem which demonstrated improved mixing.
The main objective of Phase I is to verify that the innovation is
beneficial at higher Reynolds number and in a general range of
parameters that would indicate that the concept would be relevant
for jet engines. An experimental program will determine the degree
of enhanced mixing caused by the impinging jets for different
density supersonic jets and for a subsonic jet. The results will
determine basic parametric dependencies for improved mixing that
will be used to plan the Phase II program and assess the potential
applicability to jet engine noise reduction. The results of the
program will benefit NASA in its programs related to noise
reduction of supersonic jets.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The direct application is in
support of jet noise reduction for high exhaust velocity engines
such as planned for the high speed civil transport. Other
applications are in the combustion and chemical process industries
where rapid mixing of different reactant streams is often needed.
***
Project Title:
Aircraft Ice Detection System
92-1-03.01-0202 NAS03-26719
Aircraft Ice Detection System
Axiomatics Corporation
3G Gill Street
Woburn, MA 01801
Frank A. Waldman (617-932-0202)
Abstract:
This project addresses the need for a dielectric sensor
technology to detect, quantify, and characterize ice accretion on
aircraft components both in-flight and on the ground. A prototype
apparatus will be designed to measure accurately the thickness of
varying layers of water, deicing fluid, and ice-based on a
shunting dielectric sensor. Sensor response to varying thicknesses
of water, deicing fluid and ice, as well as mixtures of these
three components, will be characterized. An algorithm will be
developed for the thickness of ice over the sensor, including ice
formed over a deicing layer, and verified using the test apparatus
across a representative temperature range. The system could
provide a low-cost, low-power, retrofittable ice detection
capability that could serve as a primary control for in-flight
activation of an ice protection system, minimize deicing required
at the ramp, while providing verifiable aircraft protection and
maximizing holdover times. In addition, the system could provide
valuable real-time data on advanced ice protection concepts as
part of NASA's Aircraft Icing Technology Program.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: This aircraft ice detection
system has the potential for eliminating the danger of clear ice
in-flight. The system can also be used by airlines and airport
operators for ramp deicing, and will both improve on its
effectiveness and minimize the environmentally harmful discharge
of deicing fluids into watersheds.
***
Project Title:
Detection of Wake Vortices at Airport Runways
92-1-03.02-8157B NAS01-19907
Detection of Wake Vortices at Airport Runways
Turbulence Prediction Systems
3131 Indian Road
Boulder, CO 80301
Charles F. Morrison (303-443-8157)
Abstract:
A passive infrared (IR) method will be developed for
detecting and monitoring wake vortices in the vicinity of runways.
To establish a safe, fundamental method for detecting and
monitoring wake vortices is crucial for increasing both flight
safety and airport efficiency. The effort consists of modifying
existing equipment for recording IR, weather conditions, and
aircraft type at a commercial runway under a range of weather
conditions; creating an analysis format and analyzing the data;
and developing a method for wake vortex detection and monitoring.
The anticipated results will show that IR is a capable tool for
the measurement of vortices from commercial aircraft and that
weather conditions will cause significant differences in wake-
vortex behavior with modifications for aircraft type.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Both airport efficiency and
aircraft safety can be gained with this technology. All airports
with moderate and heavy aircraft traffic could use the IR-based,
wake-vortex system. Pilots will be able to optimize the flight
path for interactions with wake vortices and to avoid dangerous
runway situations.
***
Project Title:
Monitoring Weather Effects on Aircraft Wakes Using a Solid-State Coherent Lidar
92-1-03.02-8736 NAS01-19878
Monitoring Weather Effects on Aircraft Wakes Using
a Solid-State Coherent Lidar
Coherent Technologies, Inc.
P.O. Box 7488
Boulder, CO 80306
Stephen M. Hannon (303-449-8736)
Abstract:
A pulsed, coherent, two-micron lidar for monitoring the
persistence and decay of aircraft vortex wakes in the airport
terminal environment and for relating the wake history to the
local weather will be explored. The volume monitored is to be
large enough to enable monitoring of the ambient wind patterns at
scales that affect vortex wake transport and persistence. The goal
of this project is to use the high resolution capability of lidar
to enable simultaneous monitoring of the vortex dynamics, as well
as of the wind field environment in which the wake is embedded.
Such data will allow validation and extension of vortex transport
models and decay, as well as providing a direct link between data
available from large-scale, wind-field measuring systems and the
vortex hazard at airports. Detailed computer simulations of the
coherent lidar wind and wake vortex measurement process will be
used to determine the capability of a ground-based, two-micron
coherent lidar for the detection and measurement of landing
corridor winds and wake vortex velocities. An existing 2.09-
micron, pulsed, coherent lidar will be taken to an airport to
obtain experimental velocity data on wake vortices and measurement
of landing corridor winds.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Commercial applications will
be for airport terminal area surveillance for wake vortices, winds
in the airport area, and microburst windshear. This technology is
also applicable for on-board airliner windshear detection.
***
Project Title:
Integrated Criteria and Synthesis for Multivariable Flight Control
92-1-03.03-0249 NAS01-19883
Integrated Criteria and Synthesis for Multivariable
Flight Control
EGR Association
8401 Ericson Drive
Buffalo, NY 14221
Edmund G. Rynaski (716-634-0249)
Abstract:
New high performance aircraft configurations, such as
hypersonic vehicles, flying wing, oblique wing, and vehicles
designed for high angle-of-attack operation, have incorporated the
use of unique and often redundant control effectors such as
canards, thrust vectoring, and split rudders or ailerons. This
project will show that the control criteria or pilot-vehicle
interface requirements can be integrated or imbedded into the
methods of modern, powerful, control system synthesis to yield
multivariable flight control system configurations that will
enable the pilot to fly with enhanced precision, ease, and
confidence. Phase I will demonstrate that the weighting matrices
of a linear, quadratic regulator design can be chosen to satisfy
flying qualities requirements of an angle-of-attack command and
other "response type" systems. This project will seek adequate and
accurate control of unique vehicle geometries such as the oblique
wing, wingless, and national aerospace plan (NASP) vehicle
configurations.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Multivariable control
theoretic methods, when properly applied, will result in systems
that greatly improve manual flight precision.
***
Project Title:
Knowledge-Based Neural Flight Control System
92-1-03.03-3474 NAS01-19877
Knowledge-Based Neural Flight Control System
Charles River Analytics, Inc.
55 Wheeler Street
Cambridge, MA 02138
Greg L. Zacharias (617-491-3474)
Abstract:
Phase I will explore the development of a hybrid knowledge-
based neural flight control system (FCS) for high-performance
aircraft. The goal of this project is to integrate two
complementary technologies: artificial neural networks (ANNs) and
knowledge-based expert systems (ESs). ANNs can offer several
advantages to FCS design: rapidly adaptable on-line solutions;
productivity improvements in the off-line design process;
implementation efficiency on emerging neural computers; and
hardware fault-tolerance. ESs can also offer advantages to FCS
design: knowledge-based executive control and mode-switching of
the FCS, direct implementation of existing algorithmic control
solutions, and support of on-line learning via an embedded ANN
knowledge base. This project will develop a hybrid of neural
control and knowledge-based expert control. An FCS prototype using
a commercially-available ANN-ES development tool, NueX, which
provides a graphical user interface for ANN specification, an
object-oriented ES shell for knowledge-base development, and C-
code linkages for control algorithm implementation, will be
developed. Following development, a feasibility demonstration will
be conducted with a limited-scope simulation over different flight
conditions and operating control modes.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Commercial potential exists
for the end product itself, a hybrid FCS design for high
performance aircraft, and for the hybrid software environment use
to develop it. The FCS design holds promise for incorporation in a
wide range of existing and advanced aerospace systems. The
development software has generic applications in complex control
design problems in the industrial, medical, and process control
areas.
***
Project Title:
Aircraft-Based Fiber Optic Environmental Sensor Network
92-1-03.05-0997 NAS01-19899
Aircraft-Based Fiber Optic Environmental Sensor
Network
Optiphase, Inc.
7652 Haskell Avenue
Van Nuys, CA 91406
Ira Jeffrey Bush (818-782-0997)
Abstract:
This project addresses the development of a generic fiber
optic distributed sensor system for sensing aircraft pressure and
temperature and atmospheric conditions. The system employs
optical, high-precision, passive interferometric transducers which
are time-domain multiplexed on a fiber-optic network. The fiber-
optic network is a single mode, generic, multi-tap architecture
and provides a standard connection interface to any type of
sensor. This concept can be generalized to sensors that respond to
temperature, pressure, strain, position, acoustics, acceleration
and vibration. Phase I will define and analyze the performance of
the overall network, including the central optical and signal pro-
cessing function, telemetry system, and passive sensor types.
Interferometric sensors for pressure, temperature, and atmospheric
conditions will be conceptually designed and evaluated for
performance. Laboratory experimentation will be conducted to
verify concepts. An optimum configuration will be selected from
the design phase and will be the basis for the Phase II
engineering development.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Many markets in both the
military and commercial sectors need a lightweight, passive
distributed sensor system, including air and/or spaceborne sensing
systems. Generic sensing systems, employing interchangeable sensor
functions that diagnose the overall status of complex platforms,
will standardize the diagnostic interface and greatly enhance the
diversity of applications addressed as well as reduce the
development cost of such systems.
***
Project Title:
Airborne, Remote Sensing of Turbulent Air Motion
92-1-03.05-8157 NAS02-13731
Airborne, Remote Sensing of Turbulent Air Motion
Turbulence Prediction Systems
3131 Indian Road
Boulder, CO 80301
Frederick C. Wilshusen (303-443-8157)
Abstract:
An active infrared (IR) instrument that provides three-
dimensional information for use in the monitoring and study of
atmospheric turbulence will be developed. The innovation overcomes
the limitations that prevent the satisfactory use of present
gauging technology. The objective is to establish that a practical
laser can drive the system at 10 meters and that the physics is
sufficiently unique to provide accurate measurements. The project
will seek to generate computer models that combine the laser
physics, IR physics, airspeed, and three-dimensional wind for use
in concept testing and parameter definition. It will study IR
laser power transfer to the air and IR sensitivity properties to
detect the same. Additionally, it will determine the practical
size for the combined instrument in research aircraft. It is
anticipated that a practical device can be developed which would
measure three-dimensional wind speeds to well below 1 m/s with 5
percent or better accuracy.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Expected NASA applications and
benefits are an opportunity to measure accurately three-
dimensional air motion from a moving aircraft. Other possible
applications include remote turbulence detection (from aircraft or
ground-based), and wake vortex detection (airborne or ground-
based).
***
Project Title:
Compact Diode-Laser-Based Inlet and Exhaust Mass-Flow Flight Instrument
92-1-03.06-0003 NAS02-13730
Compact Diode-Laser-Based Inlet and Exhaust
Mass-Flow Flight Instrument
Physical Sciences, Inc.
20 New England Business Center
Andover, MA 01810
Mark G. Allen (508-689-0003)
Abstract:
Recent advances in compact, tunable, room-temperature, diode
lasers now permit sensitive measurement of gas dynamic properties
with low-power, small-volume, low-cost instrumentation. Currently,
laboratory demonstrations of path-averaged density and velocity
measurements in flows depend on high-frequency modulation
techniques to achieve the required sensitivity for practical, in-
flight applications. This project addresses a new concept for
ultra-sensitive, mass-flux measurements using a novel detection
system that eliminates the need for complex, high-bandwidth
modulation and detection strategies. Shot-noise-limited
sensitivity is achieved using conventional detectors and
amplifiers in a novel transistor-pair combination. Inlet mass flux
is determined from simultaneous, non-intrusive O2 density and
velocity measurements. Exhaust mass flux is determined from
combined O2 and H2O measurements. The two measurements are
determined to form a real-time thrust determination. Phase I will
demonstrate the sensitivity required for typical flight conditions
with typical absorption path lengths and optical access
limitations. This data will be used to complete a preliminary
design of a prototype brassboard instrument. Phase II will develop
and test the prototype in a simulation facility at the company.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The mass-flux monitor is
expected to have a broad commercial application in the civilian
and defense aerospace industry. In addition, the ultra-sensitive
detection system will be applicable to a wide range of gas
emission monitoring systems.
***
Project Title:
Electromagnetic Shaker for Aircraft Structural Characterization
92-1-03.06-0540 NAS02-13732
Electromagnetic Shaker for Aircraft Structural
Characterization
Satcon Technology Corporation
12 Emily Street
Cambridge, MA 02139-4507
Richard L. Hockney (617-661-0540)
Abstract:
This project will design, fabricate, and demonstrate an
electro-mechanical seismic shaker for aircraft flight testing. The
shaker, which could be quickly and easily attached to wing-tip
accessory rails, would allow dynamic flight characterization of
existing aircraft. This device is needed because existing methods
utilizing natural turbulence are too slow and incorporation of
hydraulic seismic shakers into existing aircraft is prohibitively
expensive. The concept, which has been made possible by new
developments in motors and solid-state power conversion, will
incorporate a unique linear induction motor driven by a resonant
converter operating at 20 kHz. The resonant converter uses pulse-
population-density modulation to operate the induction motor as an
extremely power dense and efficient, four-quadrant, variable-speed
actuator. The pulse-population-density modulation approach
provides inherent electro-magnetic-interference (EMI) suppression
while minimizing required filtering and shielding. The project
will result in a flight-certifiable design having a combination of
small-size, low EMI, and low harmonic levels not previously
possible in electro-mechanical seismic shakers. Phase I will
provide a preliminary design and Phase II will construct a
prototype unit for testing.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: This product will
substantially reduce the cost and decrease the time required for
dynamic flight testing of existing aircraft. It is anticipated
that there will be a substantial market for a lightweight, low
cost shaker system which can be employed in testing experimental,
military, and commercial aircraft.
***
Project Title:
Graphical User Interface for Design of Hypersonic Vehicles
92-1-03.07-2620 NAS01-19869
Graphical User Interface for Design of Hypersonic
Vehicles
Adaptive Research Corporation
4960 Corporate Drive, Suite 100A
Huntsville, AL 35805
John F. Stalnaker (205-830-2620)
Abstract:
Development of a user-friendly graphical interface linking
existing engineering computer programs for optimization of future
hypersonic vehicle concepts is the goal of this project. Phase I
will develop this interface for SRGULL, a suite of engineering
codes developed by NASA for prediction of the integrated
performance of national aerospace plan (NASP) configurations.
SRGULL is an interactive engineering tool capable of nose-to-tail
modeling of NASP components for rapid generation of initial
estimates of vehicle engine performance. The emphasis in Phase I
will be the development of CAD-like software to provide a higher
and more sophisticated degree of automation of the SRGULL code. A
significant strength of the present approach is the modular nature
of the interface which allows upgrades to more advanced grid
generation techniques, including unstructured grids, grid quality
measures, and solution adaptive procedures. Phase II will result
in a super workstation-based aerodynamic and engine performance
simulator with powerful engineering computer programs linked
together by customized pre- and post-processors. The menu-driven
interface will be versatile enough to allow user customization,
modification, or replacement of existing engineering models.
Progressively higher fidelity analyses could be performed in an
engineering design environment on secure, inexpensive machines
quickly and efficiently, thus saving valuable engineering
resources and speeding the design process. The time required to
become proficient in the use of these engineering design tools
would also be greatly reduced.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Graphical user interfaces will
ultimately become the standard as the level of computational
sophistication and user flexibility increases. The interface will
thus make computational fluid dynamics design tools, in general,
much more accessible and attractive to many industries which would
otherwise not foster such expertise. The automotive, chemical,
electronics, environmental, marine, and power industries all offer
high potential for commercial applications.
***
Project Title:
A Novel Hydrogen-Fueled Propulsion System
92-1-03.07-2900 NAS01-19875
A Novel Hydrogen-Fueled Propulsion System
Adroit Systems, Inc.
209 Madison Street, Suite 500
Alexandria, VA 22314
Thomas R.A. Bussing (703-684-2900)
Abstract:
Currently, airbreathing propulsion systems which operate in
the subsonic to low hypersonic regimes are expensive, complex and
heavy. To overcome these limitations, a novel propulsion concept,
based on a hydrogen-fueled pulse detonation engine (PDE), will be
developed. The innovation draws from recent successes in
computational fluid dynamics and from several recent engineering
studies. The propulsion system will have a very low unit cost,
design simplicity and operational simplicity. Its many features
will include the ability to operate over a range of Mach numbers,
the potential to operate in a pure rocket mode, and the capability
for propelling a variety of high speed and transatmospheric
vehicles.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Commercial applications
include propulsion for research vehicles, innovative power
generation devices, and elements of novel, commercial, earth-to-
orbit launch vehicles.
***
Project Title:
Lightweight, High-Strength PBO Structures for High-Altitude Subsonic Aircraft
92-1-03.08-3200 NAS02-13782
Lightweight, High-Strength PBO Structures for
High-Altitude Subsonic Aircraft
Foster-Miller, Inc.
350 Second Avenue
Waltham, MA 02154-1196
Leslie S. Rubin (617-890-3200)
Abstract:
The specific strength and stiffness of high-altitude subsonic
aircraft structures can be significantly improved through the use
of lyotropic crystal polymers (LCPs). In Phase I, an advanced LCP,
polybenzoxazole (PBO) and a new generation LCP extrusion die will
be used to produce lightweight and high strength honeycomb cores.
These cores will permit the manufacturing of aircraft wings
suitable for extended subsonic flight above 70,000 feet. The PBO
cores are expected to have specific properties that are two-to-
four times higher than today's leading lightweight structural
cores. Phase I will initially concentrate on the fabrication and
modification of a new generation of biaxially oriented PBO film
which exhibits significantly higher quasi-isotropic properties
than has been achievable to date. Protocols for fabricating film-
based PBO honeycomb cores will then be established by Hexcel, a
leading manufacturer of honeycomb core structural materials. The
project will conclude with the fabrication, testing and analysis
of prototype PBO honeycomb cores.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The successful development of
the lightweight, high-strength structures and their
commercialization by Hexcel will enable NASA to fabricate high
altitude (>70,000 feet) subsonic aircraft that can more
effectively perform global climate research. This technology will
have special commercial research appeal for the aircraft industry
to improve fuel efficiency, and the refrigerator industry to
manufacture better insulating materials. The advanced materials
created by this technology will also find a ready commercial
market with sports equipment manufacturers.
***
Project Title:
Facultative, Hypergolic-Ignition, Internal Combustion Engine
92-1-03.08-8457 NAS02-13786
Facultative, Hypergolic-Ignition, Internal
Combustion Engine
Alvin Lowi & Association
2146 Toscanini Drive
San Pedro, CA 90732
Alvin Lowi, Jr. (310-548-8457)
Abstract:
The firm will conduct an analytical investigation to
establish technical support for a facultative internal combustion
engine suitable for the prop-drive propulsion of very-high-
altitude, unmanned atmospheric research aircraft. The engine would
be fully functional with or without aspiration and would not
require air for cooling, thereby rendering unnecessary the use of
heavy and drag-producing accessories customarily required for high
altitude aspiration and cooling. With the ability to efficiently
utilize available air, the consumption of expendables would be
minimized during climbing, thus improving payload, range, and/or
endurance. In addition, a compact, lightweight, small frontal area
engine will be designed that will be fully balanced, while
delivering exceptional high torque at low shaft speeds with a
minimum of shaking or torsional vibration, and will be capable of
delivering its full rating at any altitude. This project will also
investigate the state-of-the-art of hypergolic ignition and
facultative combustion as applied to a novel internal combustion
engine design. Estimates will be made of the structural, thermal,
and dynamic loadings which would prevail in a non-metallic,
passively cooled, axial piston engine. Some of the vehicle
integration factors such as the vibration, weight, temperature
distribution, and consumables.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The powerplant's high power
density, low vibration, and hypergolic combustion process make it
an ideal candidate for any number of very-high-altitude subsonic
aircraft types. Other uses include underwater vehicles for
auxiliary power, extra-terrestrial vehicles (ground or
atmospheric) or other medium level power applications where free
oxygen is not available for aspiration and/or combustion.
***
Project Title:
A Flexible Integrated Visual Display for Flight Management
92-1-03.09-1127 NAS02-13780
A Flexible Integrated Visual Display for Flight
Management
Technology International, Inc.
429 West Airline Highway, Suite S
Laplace, LA 70068
Zeinab Sabri (504-652-1127)
Abstract:
Advanced image storage and presentation, as well as
information flow control and selection, will be developed to
improve aircraft flight systems management and to reduce pilot
error and workload. Two control and information management
concepts will be used. The first is the Ziebolz controller which
uses simulation to generate a predicted display based on present
conditions and actions. This display can be used effectively with
radar imaging displays by presenting time-compressed information,
thereby providing a clearer display of positions and movements of
other aircraft or other visual targets. The second is the
development of an "intervening black box," or computer managed
information system to regulate pilot workload by storing infor-
mation and presenting a rate-controlled, prioritized information
input. This system allows the pilot to select needed information
and control its presentation rate using menu driven displays. The
need and justification for both of these concepts have been well
documented in aviation literature. Modern computer technology has
made their realization possible.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Devices employing the Ziebolz
controller concept in presenting predictive radar images, hardware
capable of producing computer-managed pilot workload, and improved
information displays for aircraft have wide commercial
applications.
***
Project Title:
A Prototype Flight-Management-System Error Monitor
92-1-03.09-1457 NAS01-19898
A Prototype Flight-Management-System Error
Monitor
Search Technology, Inc.
4725 Peachtree Corners Circle, Suite 200
Norcross, GA 30092
Ronald L. Small (404-441-1457)
Abstract:
An error monitor (EM) to help pilots reduce or eliminate the
consequences of flight management system (FMS) errors will be
developed. This FMS error monitor is based on a human-centered
approach to the problem of pilot FMS programming errors. Rather
than attempt to redesign the FMS to completely eliminate errors
(an impossible task), a human-centered approach focuses on
reducing or eliminating the consequences of errors. A prototype
FMS error monitor will be developed to demonstrate the feasibility
of this new approach to pilot error. Error monitoring will be used
to prevent the consequences of realistic FMS programming errors by
alerting the pilot (or observer). This initial prototype EM only
considers a small subset of pilot errors, but proves the
feasibility of the approach for future, more fully developed
systems. NASA and the commercial aircraft industry will benefit by
having an extensible error monitor design which can indicate all
types of pilot errors. This project will also develop a
demonstrable prototype that can be modified for full-mission,
piloted simulation evaluations in Phase II. Phase III will evalu-
ate the EM in flight test.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: A family of human-system error
monitors could be applied in aviation and other industries (space,
nuclear power, etc.) to prevent catastrophes and improve
operational efficiencies.
***
Project Title:
An Unsteady Aerodynamics Model Based on Indicial Theory for Multidisciplinary Flight Simulations
92-1-03.11-9457 NAS02-13688
An Unsteady Aerodynamics Model Based on Indicial
Theory for Multidisciplinary Flight Simulations
Nielsen Engineering & Research, Inc.
510 Clyde Avenue
Mountain View, CA 94043-2287
Daniel J. Lesieutre (415-968-4653)
Abstract:
Multidisciplinary simulation of aerospace vehicles requires
knowledge/input of the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of the
rigid, aeroelastic, and aeroservoelastic vehicle modes. Indicial
theory has been successfully applied to model unsteady
aerodynamics using potential flow solvers offline to obtain
indicial responses (functions) for step inputs in boundary
conditions. However, when indicial theory is used with a Navier-
Stokes flow solver, the effects of viscosity and turbulence
preclude calculating indicial functions to step inputs in boundary
conditions. This project will seek to obtain accurate indicial
functions with an offline Navier-Stokes flow solver. Phase I will
demonstrate in two dimensions, the feasibility of generating
accurate indicial functions in the Laplace and/or time domain with
off-line Navier-Stokes calculations. The method will be tested for
a case involving a two-dimensional airfoil in pitch and/or plunge
by comparing phases and amplitudes of unsteady aerodynamic loads
using the indicial functions with results from direct numerical
simulations using the Navier-Stokes solver. The innovation will
provide a more efficient and more accurate integrated design of
structures, aerodynamic, and control systems for advanced
aerospace vehicles.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The two-dimensional approach
demonstrated in Phase I will be extended to three dimensions in
Phase II. The computer program deliverable after Phase II will be
made into an unsteady aerodynamics shell containing the indicial
theory approach including pre- and post-processors applicable to
any time-accurate Navier-Stokes solver. This shell can then be
incorporated into simulation systems for use in the design of
various aspects of advanced aerospace vehicles.
***
Project Title:
High-Temperature, Oxidation-Resistant Fiber Coating for Toughened Ceramic-Matrix
92-1-04.01-7143 NAS03-26850
High-Temperature, Oxidation-Resistant Fiber
Coating for Toughened Ceramic-Matrix
Composites
Hyper-Therm, Inc.
735 Alabama Street
Huntington Beach, CA 92648
Wayne S. Steffier (714-960-7143)
Abstract:
Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) are actively being developed
for a variety of high-temperature military, aerospace, and
industrial applications. While possessing high specific strength
and stiffness, high fracture toughness, and exceptional oxidation
resistance at elevated temperatures, the utility of current CMCs
are severely limited by their susceptibility to oxidation-
embrittlement and strength-degradation when stressed at or beyond
the matrix cracking stress point and subsequently exposed to high-
temperature oxygen. CMCs are classified by the low linear-elastic
strain-to-failure of the matrix constituent relative to the
reinforcing fiber. For the current state of technology, the
linear-elastic region represents the "useful" design stress-strain
region due to the harmful effects of environmental degradation of
the compliant fiber coating (i.e., carbon, boron nitride) at
elevated temperatures following matrix cracking. The objective of
Phase I is to develop and evaluate an advanced, oxidation-
resistant fiber coating technology for advanced CMCs consisting of
an engineered porous silicon carbide (SiC) produced by chemical
vapor infiltration (CVI). Two-dimensional laminated SiC/SiC plates
will be fabricated incorporating a compliant, relatively weak and
brittle fiber-matrix interface region which has been physically
tailored by using controlled porosity to impart the necessary
mechanical characteristics which will enhance the composite's
strength and toughness. Several fiber coating porosity levels will
be developed in CVI, SiC-densified composites and evaluated in
high-temperatures stressed oxidation environments.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Ceramic-matrix composites are
important materials for a variety of thermostructural applications
in aerospace propulsion combustors and nozzles, hypersonic
airframe thermal protection systems, spacecraft re-entry
heatshields, land-based turbine and power generation components,
radiant burner and heat exchanger tubes, and other industrial
applications.
***
Project Title:
Multifunctional Interface Coatings for Sapphire Monofilaments
92-1-04.01-9471 NAS03-26840
Multifunctional Interface Coatings for Sapphire
Monofilaments
MSNW, Inc.
P.O. Box 865
San Marcos, CA 92079
George H. Reynolds (619-489-9471)
Abstract:
Phase I will examine multifunctional coating concepts for
sapphire monofilaments to be used in the fabrication of sapphire-
superalloy composites by the wire arc-spray process. Coupled
thermochemical-thermomechanical analyses will be used to select
coating compositions and configurations. The effects of emplaced
coatings on filament mechanical properties will be determined.
Specimens of coated monofilaments will be supplied to NASA's Lewis
Research Center for independent evaluation and composite
fabrication trials.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The coating concepts are
regarded as an enabling technology for use of sapphire-superalloy
composites, particularly as fabricated by the wire arc-spray
process, for the nozzle substructure of the high-speed civil
transport.
***
Project Title:
Edge-Defined Film Growth or Stepanov Processing of High-Temperature Fibers for Composites
92-1-04.02-4626 NAS03-26843
Edge-Defined Film Growth or Stepanov Processing
of High-Temperature Fibers for Composites
Advanced Crystal Products Corporation
Conn Street at Fowle
Woburn, MA 01801
Winfield B. Perry (617-933-4626)
Abstract:
Progress in ceramic and intermetallic high-temperature
composites is limited by the currently available ceramic fibers.
Single-crystal oxide fibers have superior microstructure, high
melting points, high strength and modulus, low creep at high
temperature, and resistance to oxidation. Recently, there has been
considerable interest in mullite (3Al2O3-2SiO2) as an enabling
propulsion material because it has good high-temperature strength
and resistance to creep properties. Although it is a single-
crystal, continuous mullite fiber is very difficult to grow due to
incongruent melting and a range of solid solution. An innovative
approach, using edge-defined film growth or Stepanov growth
methods, should be feasible for processing single crystal mullite
fiber. These technologies will be investigated and developed to
produce initial quantities of fiber for NASA.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Applications include
reinforcement of intermetallic and ceramic matrix composites used
for advanced turbine engine hardware, e.g., high speed civil
transport.
***
Project Title:
An Innovative Process for Fully Dense, High-Performance, Ceramic-Matrix Composites
92-1-04.02-6636 NAS03-26849
An Innovative Process for Fully Dense,
High-Performance, Ceramic-Matrix Composites
Triton Systems, Inc.
186 Cedar Hill Street
Marlborough, MA 01752
R. Ross Haghighat (508-460-9493)
Abstract:
Phase I will demonstrate a simple, reproducible, cost-
effective, and near net-shape approach for transfer molding of
advanced fiber-reinforced, ceramic-matrix composites using an
entirely new process. The project will expand this technology to
understand more fully its processing parameters and to optimize
this technique for the mechanical, physical, and thermal
performance of the final composite. The result will be complex-
shaped, fiber-reinforced, ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) which
are designed to outperform CMCs processed by different methods.
This approach is based on resin transfer molding of organic matrix
composites which has been in use for several decades as a lower-
cost alternative to autoclave curing and other labor and capital
intensive processes used in high-performance applications. The
advantages of this process are 1) its ability to deliver near-net-
shape complex shapes in high volume and at low cost with good
surface topography, 2) flexibility in tooling and materials, 3)
easy part consolidation through molded-in parts and fittings, 4)
fast production cycles, and 5) less than 2 percent voids. Phase I
will optimize the process conditions, fabricate, and characterize
several fiber reinforced CMC specimens using ceramic transfer
molding technique. Phase II will optimize the process for maximum
strength, toughness and high temperature performance.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The process will provide a
rapid, cost-effective means of producing high performance complex
geometry CMCs for a variety of host applications, including
radomes, active and passive components in ceramic engines, rotor
blades, exhaust ducts, turbo props, gun barrels, and advanced
armor.
***
Project Title:
Portable, Parallel, Stochastic Optimization for the Design of Aeropropulsion Components
92-1-04.03-0018 NAS03-26839
Portable, Parallel, Stochastic Optimization for the
Design of Aeropropulsion Components
Applied Research Association
4300 San Mateo Boulevard, NE, Suite A220
Albuquerque, NM 87110
Robert H. Sues (505-881-8074)
Abstract:
This project will develop a parallel, stochastic optimization
(PSO) methodology that is portable across a wide range of parallel
computers. The method will deterministically treat the
optimization objective function, while the optimization
constraints will be probabilistic and multidisciplinary. In this
approach the stochastic optimization problem is inherently
parallel at several levels. This parallelism will be fully
investigated. Since the methodology is readily applicable to the
design and optimization of aeropropulsion components, Phase I will
seek to optimize the aerodynamic performance of an advanced
propfan blade subject to aeroelastic constraints. This work will
determine the feasibility of developing a larger scale, general-
purpose PSO methodology which treats simultaneous,
multidisciplinary optimization.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: This research will identify
the optimal approach to solving global design problems using
parallel stochastic optimization and provide groundwork for the
development of commercial analysis and design tools.
***
Project Title:
Massively Parallel Computational Methods Augmented with Neural Net Technology for
92-1-04.03-0700 NAS03-26842
Massively Parallel Computational Methods
Augmented with Neural Net Technology for
Structural Analysis and Design
MRJ, Inc.
10455 White Granite Drive, Suite 101
Oakton, VA 22124
Rong C. Shieh (703-385-0700)
Abstract:
The goal of this project is to develop innovative numerical
algorithms and superefficient computational capabilities in a
massively parallel processing (MPP) environment for finite
element, method-based structural analysis and reanalysis, applying
neural net technology and structural design optimization. Phase I
will formulate numerical algorithms, and, after a screening
process, a selected subset of algorithms will be implemented on
the MPP environment of a CM (CM-2, CM-200 or CM-5) computer for
numerical testing and demonstration of the super-efficiency of the
algorithms. Phase II will develop and implement of the most
promising set(s) of algorithms, as well as develop a prototype CM
computer code. The new capabilities will not only solve some
demanding computation structural analysis and optimization
problems, but will also allow costly experiments to be replaced
with numerical simulations. Furthermore, these advances will
provide opportunities to accelerate computational time-intense
simulations, achieve multivariable optimization, and solve
otherwise unsolvable problems in conventional serial or even
vector supercomputers.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The end products, i.e., the
MPP structural analysis and design technology and an associated
general purpose CM computer code or code system, will be of
interest to various industries in providing useful structural
design and analysis tools in support of both structures research
and design activities.
***
Project Title:
Probabilistic Process Modeling for the Consolidation of Titanium-Based,
92-1-04.04-6627 NAS03-26846
Probabilistic Process Modeling for the
Consolidation of Titanium-Based,
Metal-Matrix Composites
Alpha Star Corporation
1544 6th Street, Suite 102
Santa Monica, CA 90401
Roy H. Lorenz (310-458-6627)
Abstract:
A computational model will be developed that provides a
continuous simulation of the consolidation processes and resulting
microstructural evolution associated with the powder-metallurgy-
based manufacture of continuously reinforced titanium matrix com-
posites. The model will couple the computational methods of
probabilistic simulation, distinct-element analysis, and
mechanism-based deformation mechanics. The use of probabilistic
simulation will provide the stochastic information necessary to
initialize and construct a discrete unit cell representative of
the uncertainties in both the geometry (i.e., variation of powder
mesh size and interfiber spacing) and constituent material
properties. The resulting unit cell is then implemented to conduct
a distinct-element analysis to simulate the evolution and
refinement in networking contacts and contact stresses as
temperature and pressure are applied as a function of time to the
boundary elements of the cell. As the individual contact stresses
evolve, the resulting ensemble of particle deformations are calcu-
lated incrementally using mechanism-based equations. By
iteratively calculating the changes in contact areas, neck growth
and void closure, each stage of the consolidation process can be
discretely simulated until the theoretical full density is
achieved. The development of this capability will provide a new
tool to aid in metallurgical evaluation and materials processing
parameterization to better meet the demands of new aerospace
propulsion systems.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The model can be integrated
into intelligent materials processing control systems to optimize
production cost, end material quality and final component
producibility for use in advanced aeropropulsion systems. It can
also be used to aid in the research and development of new
material systems, manufacturing procedures, and processing
parameter selection.
***
Project Title:
Computational Fluid Dynamics Tools for Parametric Studies in Materials Processing
92-1-04.04-8145 NAS03-26848
Computational Fluid Dynamics Tools for Parametric
Studies in Materials Processing
Daat Research Corporation
17 Montview Drive
Lyme, NH 03768
Arkady S. Dvinsky (603-643-8145)
Abstract:
A library of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes
specifically tailored and optimized for selected materials science
applications will be developed. The codes will utilize novel
numerical techniques to achieve high performance. Phase I will
demonstrate the capabilities of the CFD techniques on a sample
system. Based on the results of the numerical experiments, the
firm will develop specifications of the computer programs to be
delivered to NASA in Phase II. Furthermore, we will develop a plan
for the verification, documentation, and delivery of the developed
programs to NASA in Phase II.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: A predictive tool that can
quickly and accurately model advanced materials processes would be
very useful to the electronics and aeropropulsion industries. With
the aid of such predictive tools, trial-and-error development of
new materials will be significantly improved, resulting in savings
of time and money.
***
Project Title:
Spray Droplet and Grain Size Determination by AC-Susceptibility to Facilitate Adaptive Process
92-1-04.06-4015 NAS01-19901
Spray Droplet and Grain Size Determination by
AC-Susceptibility to Facilitate Adaptive Process
Control
Quantum Magnetics, Inc.
11578 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 30
San Diego, CA 92121
A. R. Perry (619-481-4015)
Abstract:
This project addresses the need for an electromagnetic sensor
for measuring the droplet size and spray density of metals and
other conductors. A significant improvement in the quality and
reliability of metal matrix composites can be achieved by using
this sensor within the deposition process. The sensor measures
distribution of droplet sizes that are present in the deposition
spray by using a variable frequency ac-susceptibility technique to
provide real-time information about the metal spray without
affecting it. A process controller, therefore, will be able to
maintain the spray parameters within tight bounds.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The results of this research
will be an inexpensive supplement to conventional spray-droplet
technology, particularly in improved quality in spray deposition
manufacturing processes.
***
Project Title:
Embeddable Distributed Moisture Sensor for Nondestructive Inspection of Aircraft Lap
92-1-04.08-3088 NAS01-19895
Embeddable Distributed Moisture Sensor for
Nondestructive Inspection of Aircraft Lap
Joints
Physical Optics Corporation
20600 Grammercy Place, Suite 103
Torrance, CA 90501
Robert A. Lieberman (310-320-3088)
Abstract:
This project will demonstrate the feasibility of a novel,
intrinsic fiber-optic sensor whose entire length would be
sensitive to the presence of moisture. This small, lightweight,
inexpensive sensor could be retrofit into existing aircraft lap
joints, or included in the construction of new aircraft, to warn
of moisture-induced corrosion in these critical joints. Because of
the sensor's unique properties, each joint, no matter how long,
would require only a single sensor. Used in such "smart lap
joints," the sensors would improve aircraft safety and minimize
unnecessary inspections and rebuilding of lap joints in aging
aircraft by detecting the presence of water well before material
loss occurred. To demonstrate the feasibility of this concept, a
custom optical fiber will be created whose entire cladding will be
sensitive to water. The water response of this unique sensor fiber
will then be completely characterized by connecting it to a simple
optoelectronic source-detector pair and by exposing various
sections of the sensor fiber to liquid water. The end results of
Phase I will be a working "breadboard" water penetration sensor
several meters long, together with a complete set of moisture
response data.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Makers and users of aircraft
with long lap joints (like the Boeing 767) would be prime
customers for embeddable moisture sensors. Other commercial
applications could include: verification of water-tightness in
nautical and food-processing applications, "average humidity"
measurements, and in-situ integrated soil moisture determinations
for irrigation control.
***
Project Title:
Advanced Microwave Imaging Techniques for Materials Processing and Monitoring
92-1-04.08-4691 NAS01-19993
Advanced Microwave Imaging Techniques for
Materials Processing and Monitoring
Gemtech Microwaves, Inc.
1318 Chandler Court
Acworth, GA 30102
Barry J. Cown (404-425-4691)
Abstract:
This project will investigate the feasibility of adapting
novel microwave imaging hardware and software to permit quasi-real
time monitoring and control of micro- or millimeter, wave-
penetrable aerospace and commercial materials during their design,
development, processing, and operational use. The innovation
adapts modulated scattering arrays as multi-point sensors to
provide rapid Nyquist-sampled mappings of the material's local
reflection and transmission coefficients. These measured data are
then used in advanced microwave imaging algorithms based on
diffraction tomography (DT) and the electric field integral
equation (EFIE) to image equivalent currents, complex permittivity
and field distributions. Resolutions of (1/2) and (1/10) in the
material are achieved for DT and EFIE imaging, respectively. These
microwave imaging techniques directly determine electromagnetic
performance. They can also be used to detect and identify many
types of material structural defects.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Potential commercial
applications include imaging of knots and other defects in wood;
delaminations in paper products; aircraft, boat, and vehicle
composites; control of microwave drying processes; detection of
concrete reinforcing bars; detection of drugs and weapons caches;
and monitoring of deep hyperthermia treatments.
***
Project Title:
Porous Refractory Carbides Made of Discontinuous Fibers for Beamed-Energy Propulsion Systems
92-1-04.09-3535 NAS01-19886
Porous Refractory Carbides Made of Discontinuous
Fibers for Beamed-Energy Propulsion Systems
Micro Composite Materials Corporation
P.O. Box 12744
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
Steve R. Wright (919-361-3535)
Abstract:
One critical component for a solar-thermal propulsion concept
consists of porous hafnium carbide (HfC) or tantalum carbide (TaC)
discs, through which hydrogen flows at temperatures exceeding 3700
K (6700 R). Discs made by conventional means using HfC or TaC
powders cannot withstand the high thermal and mechanical stresses.
This project will manufacture absorber discs by sintering preforms
made of pure HfC and TaC discontinuous fibers. A proprietary
process that is used by the firm to produce TiC fiber can also
generate fibrous forms of other refractory carbides such as TaC
and HfC. Absorber discs made of these fibers would be very durable
and, by varying the composition of the preforms (i.e., fiber
aspect ratio, packing, etc.), would have uniform, controlled
porosities. Phase I will demonstrate that HfC and TaC fibers can
be created, that porosity can be controlled in discs made from
these discontinuous fibers, and that this manufacturing process
can produce durable, full-scale absorber discs. Sample quantities
of HfC and TaC will be delivered to NASA. Parameters that affect
porosity will be determined by making and analyzing a series of
porous TiC fiber plugs. Finally, a full-scale porous TiC fiber
disc will be fabricated for delivery to NASA. Phase II will fabri-
cate full-scale set(s) of porous HfC and TaC absorber discs for
bench testing by NASA.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The fibrous carbides could be
used in nuclear power in laser, chemical and industrial high-
temperature thermal applications; in ceramic composites to
increase fracture toughness; in metal matrices as a strengthening
stiffening filler; and, in powdered ceramic binders, producing a
strong, tough, lightweight, reusable, extremely high-temperature
refractory, having excellent thermal properties for protection of
aerospace vehicles or hypersonic wind tunnel components.
***
Project Title:
Novel Additives for Perfluoropolyether Lubricants
92-1-04.10-3812 NAS03-26847
Novel Additives for Perfluoropolyether Lubricants
Exfluor Research Corporation
8868 Research Boulevard, #206
Austin, TX 78758
Thomas R. Bierschenk (512-454-3812)
Abstract:
The objective of this project is to synthesize additives to
enhance the properties of perfluoropolyether fluids. The lack of
suitable additives that are soluble in perfluoropolyether fluids
is preventing their use in high-temperature applications. The
additives will be characterized and assessed in a series of tests
that have been developed primarily by the U.S. Air Force for the
evaluation of formulated perfluoropolyether fluids. The goal of
this project is to develop an additive that will function as
either an oxidation inhibitor or a boundary lubricant for
perfluoropolyether fluids.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The new additive will extend
the useful temperature range of the fluids, thus making them
especially compatible for many new high-temperature applications.
The formulated fluids will find uses both as lubricants and as
vibration-dampening recoil fluids in space applications where
extreme environments exist.
***
Project Title:
Atomic-Oxygen Resistant Tribo-Surfaces
92-1-04.10-5940 NAS08-39800
Atomic-Oxygen Resistant Tribo-Surfaces
Colorado Engineering Research Laboratory, Inc.
1500 Teakwood Court
Fort Collins, CO 80525
Ronghua Wei (303-484-5940)
Abstract:
This project will evaluate the tribological performance of
commercially available solid and grease lubricants in a simulated
atomic oxygen (SAO) environment and will investigate innovative
lubrication concepts with long-duration tribological resistance to
atomic oxygen (AO). Spacecraft mechanisms operating in the low
earth orbit environment will be subjected to long duration (up to
30 years) exposure to AO, which can degrade the tribological
performance of epoxy-bonded, solid lubricants and organic-based
greases. This degradation can jeopardize mission success. This
project will perform tribological screening in SAO and
subsequently rank commercially available lubricants of interest to
NASA for space mechanism applications. This project will also
investigate and develop two novel solid lubricant materials: a
more adherent, SAO-resistant, diamond-like carbon coating with an
improved, intermediate-bond-layer material and a longer endurance
molybdenum disulfide coating produced by ion implantation of the
substrate. Benefits to NASA from Phase I will include quantitative
ranking of the synergistic SAO-wear resistance of commercial
lubricants and the development of two new solid lubricants of
potential application for space mechanisms that may be subjected
to long-duration, SAO exposures.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: This project will provide a
quantifiable screening test method to evaluate lubricant and
tribomaterials' resistances to sliding wear under a simulated
atomic oxygen environment and will provide increased-lifetime,
low-friction, and low-wear solid lubricants (i.e., diamond-like
carbon and molybdenum disulphide) for components such as bearings,
gears, shafts, cams, ways, and hinges for terrestrial and space
systems.
***
Project Title:
Processing of High-Performance Poly(Arylene Ether Benzimidazole)
92-1-04.11-6636 NAS01-19909
Processing of High-Performance Poly(Arylene Ether
Benzimidazole)
Triton Systems, Inc.
186 Cedar Hill Street
Marlborough, MA 01752
R. Ross Haghighat (508-460-9493)
Abstract:
This project will conduct a comprehensive study of the
properties, identify applications, and establish markets of a new,
ultrahigh-performance polymer, poly(arylene ether benzimidazole)
(PAEBIs), developed by NASA. These thermally stable polymers
exhibit outstanding properties, including high glass transition
temperatures (Tg) (350øC); high compressive, tensile and flexural
strengths; excellent adhesion to metals; tailorable coefficient of
thermal expansion (CTE); and a low dielectric constant. These
properties can be further enhanced for specific applications. The
project will seek ways to maximize the properties of the PAEBI
polymer, including its tensile, compressive, and flexural
strengths, dielectric properties, and adhesive characteristics.
The will test the crystalline response of the polymer to annealing
and orientation, and will identify potential applications based on
the property optimizations achieved.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: PAEBI, because of its
impressive combination of properties, is a candidate for a variety
of applications, including leading edges of the aircraft,
electric, and electronic markets for insulators and next
generation connectors, switches, and electronic components. With
its tailorable CTE, potentially low friction, and good mechanical
properties, PAEBI may find a home in many general industrial uses
such as gaskets, O-rings, and bearings.
***
Project Title:
Synthesis of Reactive Toughening Polymers Based on NASA Langley Research Center
92-1-04.11-9101 NAS01-19885
Synthesis of Reactive Toughening Polymers Based
on NASA Langley Research Center
Thermoplastic Polyimides
Imitec, Inc.
1990 Maxon Road, P.O. Box 1412
Schenectady, NY 12301
Betty Tung (518-374-9101)
Abstract:
Improvements in toughness are always desirable in polymeric
systems, especially in polyimides which are often inherently
brittle. The conventional "rubbery" tougheners with sub-ambient
glass transitions are not usually suitable for polyimides due to
the required, high processing, and use temperatures. This project
will synthesize several thermally stable tougheners based on NASA
Langley Research Center thermoplastic polyimides containing
reactive end groups. Depending on the miscibility between the
matrix polymer and the toughening agent and the compositions of
each component, the new system may either possess homogeneous,
microphase-separated, phase-separated, or network morphology. The
morphology will determine the toughening mechanism as well as the
degree of toughening. The major advantages of these tougheners
should include ease in processing as well as thermal stability.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The thermally stable reactive
tougheners based on LaRC thermoplastic polyimides may find
application for high temperature composites, molding resins,
adhesives, laminating and film products.
***
Project Title:
Innovative, Low-Cost Composite Fabrication Using E-Beam Cured Pregreg Processable Siloxane
92-1-04.12-5058 NAS01-19876
Innovative, Low-Cost Composite Fabrication Using
E-Beam Cured Pregreg Processable Siloxane
Aspen Systems, Inc.
184 Cedar Hill Street
Marlborough, MA 01752
Thomas C. Walton (508-481-5058)
Abstract:
This project addresses the feasibility of a new, low-cost
composite fabrication technology that utilizes a rapid-cure
electron-beam. The technology will develop suitable composite
precursors such as pre-impregnated forms of reinforcements (e.g.
unidirectional or woven graphite or fiberglass). Currently
available electron-beam curable resin systems exhibit very low
viscosity (e.g. ÷ 50 - 100 cps). Although these viscosities are
suitable for such composite manufacturing techniques as filament
winding, pultrusion, and resin transfer molding, they are
currently unsuitable for pre-pregging. Increasing the viscosity of
the resins during pre-preg formation is key need in composite
fabrication. The company has demonstrated that facile electron-
beam and UV-induced polymerization of novel silicon-containing
epoxy (SCE) monomer resins can be carried out. Further, it has
been shown that these resins, when cured, exhibit a high degree of
resistance to oxygen plasma, perhaps the highest resistance yet
found. The objective of this project is to exploit the unique
oxygen plasma resistance of these resins in composite applications
specifically targeted to space application. However, the epoxy-
silicone monomers are free-flowing, low viscosity liquids and
cannot be directly used in composites fabrication.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: This concept will provide a
cost-effective means of fabricating high quality, thermal stress-
free composites which will have applications in the aerospace and
automotive industries and the civil engineering field.
***
Project Title:
High-Power-Density Piezoelectric Actuator for Noise and Vibration Reduction
92-1-04.13-0001 NAS01-19900
High-Power-Density Piezoelectric Actuator for Noise
and Vibration Reduction
PCB Piezotronics, Inc.
3425 Walden Avenue
Depew, NY 14043-2495
Richard W. Lally (716-684-0001)
Abstract:
The application of piezoelectric materials to the control of
noise and vibration makes possible the development of high-power-
density actuators. The further development of piezo-materials,
power schemes, and a control strategy may be necessary to improve
the utility of piezoelectric actuators for noise cancellation and
vibration control.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Automotive, aerospace and
industrial machines can benefit from application of this
technology through reduced cost, weight, noise, and vibration
while improving accuracy, safety, and quality.
***
Project Title:
Continuous Feedback Smart Composites
92-1-04.13-9647 NAS01-19871
Continuous Feedback Smart Composites
Ceranova Corporation
P.O. Box 278
Hopkinton, MA 01748-0278
Mark V. Parish (508-435-9647)
Abstract:
The success of advanced commercial and military aerospace
transport apparatus depends on the development of sophisticated
smart materials and structures. This project will develop a
process to fabricate an innovative shape memory allow (SMA)-
ceramic piezoelectric array device that can actively sense and
actuate a composite system at discrete locations throughout the
composite structure in a closed-loop-feedback manner. The
innovative SMA-ceramic piezoelectric actuator-sensor array, when
embedded in a composite, will enable the intelligent actuation and
control of the smart composite's shape, at discrete locations, to
achieve aerodynamic efficiency or suppress vibrations. In addition
to shape control of the composite, our novel SMA-piezoelectric
device will enable the composite's in-process, as well as in-
service, non-destructive evaluation. Phase I focuses on
development of the novel piezoelectric device and demonstration of
shape modification of cantilever beams.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Composites that sense and
respond to vibration stimuli can be used in many NASA and civilian
applications, such as aircraft, marinecraft, and even automotive.
In addition to aero- and fluid-dynamic applications on airfoils,
marine vessel skins and rotor and/or propeller blades, "smart"
composites such as those described in this document will be
invaluable in hydrophone applications for the U.S. Navy. These
composites may also be used in motor mounts.
***
Project Title:
Vapor Deposited, Metal-Matrix Composites for Dimensional Stability without Hysteresis
92-1-04.14-8044 NAS07-1211
Vapor Deposited, Metal-Matrix Composites for
Dimensional Stability without Hysteresis
Cordec Corporation
P.O. Box 188
Lorton, VA 22079-0188
Raymond J. Weimer (703-550-8044)
Abstract:
Large, periodic thermal excursions cause significant
dimensional changes in large orbiting structures. New metal-matrix
composites (MMC's) with near-zero coefficients of thermal
expansion (CTE) developed to address this issue were generally
aluminum or magnesium alloys reinforced with pitch-based carbon
fibers. However, dimensional hysteresis effec