NASA 1989 SBIR Phase 1 Solicitation
Project Title:
Flow in Turbine Blade Passages
01.01-0333B
NAS3-25835
Flow in Turbine Blade Passages
Scientific Research Associates, Inc.
P.O. Box 1058
Glastonbury, CT 06033
Brian E. Thompson
(203-659-0333)
Abstract:
Knowledge of the detailed flow structure in internal passages of gas turbine blades
is needed to understand measured heat transfer phenomena and to validate computational
analysis and design methods. The objectives of this project are to obtain measurements,
validate computational techniques, assess cooling strategies,and contribute to design
practices all relevant to turbine-blade passages. Recently developed, refractive-index-matching
techniques will be used to obtain detailed measurements of mean and fluctuating velocity
components in rotating passages with geometries and conditions representative of
those found in gas-turbines. In Phase I, a refractive-index-matching experiment will
be compared to heat transfer results previously obtained in a simplified but relevant
rotating passage configuration. In Phase II, this experiment would be extended to
more complex geometries closer to those of turbine-blade passages. Results would
be obtained to provide bench-mark data for Phase II code validation. These experimental
and computational techniques would be also applied in Phase II to assess cooling
strategies in preparation for integration into turbine-blade design systems.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Improved turbine-blade configurations that allow
higher turbine inlet temperatures with performance and design advantages would be
of great interest to commercial gas-turbine engine manufacturers.
Project Title:
Grid-Generation Code with Automatic Zoning
01.01-1732A
NAS3-25880
Grid-Generation Code with Automatic Zoning
Program Development Corp. of Scarsdale
300 Hamilton Avenue, Suite 409
White Plains, NY 10601
Peter R. Eiseman
(914-761-1732)
Abstract:
The grid generation code TURBO is a menu-driven code that operates interactively
to produce single-block grids for numerical flow-field simulations of turbomachinery
problems. To gain a substantive advantage, a zoning scheme will be developed for
TURBO so that it can readily be applied in a multi-block environment. For a given
grid topology, the zoning would be accomplished in an automatic manner once certain
defining parameters are inserted. Upon accomplishment, the capability will be established
for a user to select a grid topology from a menu and then proceed quickly from a
good global start to exercise the local grid-manipulation controls in TURBO.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: A greatly enhanced TURBO code should have a ready
market among the scientists and engineers who need to study turbomachinery flow fields.
Project Title:
Reaction Mechanics and Kinetic Rates for Soot Formation
01.01-9030A
NAS3-25839
Reaction Mechanics and Kinetic Rates for Soot
Formation
Physical Sciences, Inc.
20 New England Business Center
Andover, MA 01810
W. Terry Rawlins
(508-689-0003)
Abstract:
The design of advanced gas turbine engines needs predictive models of soot formation
and radiation in the high-pressure combustion of future, practical hydrocarbon fuels.
The development of such models requires a fundamental data base, in the appropriate
pressure regimes for elucidating the mechanisms governing polycyclic molecular growth,
oxidative inhibition of sooting, and soot-particle nucleation and growth. Advanced
optical shock tube techniques will be used to provide a data base against which to
test modeling concepts.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: This work would support design of advanced gas
turbine and diesel engines for use in both the public and private sectors.
Project Title:
Evaluation of PS200 Coating as a Thermal Barrier in an Air-Cooled Rotary Engine
01.02-5086
NAS3-25873
Evaluation of PS200 Coating as a Thermal
Barrier in an Air-Cooled Rotary Engine
Moller International, Inc.
1222 Research Park Drive
Davis, CA 95616
Mike Griffith
(916-756-5086)
Abstract:
Thermal-barrier coating applied to housings of rotary engines reduce engine heat
rejection, improve thermal efficiency and reduce cooling requirements. However, recent
tests indicate that a thermal-barrier coating on the side housing of an air-cooled
rotary engine results in surface temperatures beyond the capability of conventional
hydrocarbon lubricants. This project will investigate the application of the PS200
coating over the thermal-barrier coating in order to provide high-temperature lubricity.
The PS200 plasma-applied coating, developed at the NASA Lewis Research Center as
an unlubricated wear coating for Stirling engines, consists of chromium carbide with
silver and a fluoride eutectic for high temperature lubricity. Applied over a thermal
barrier coating, it may permit engine operation without external lubrication. The
coating evaluation on a side housing could lead to the insulation of the entire combustion
chamber of the rotary engine by coating the rotor housing with the same thermal-barrier
and PS200 coating combination.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: This technology could be applicable to any low-heat-
rejection engine (piston or rotary, liquid or air-cooled) including the stratified-charge,
multi-fuel rotary engine in development for several military and commercial applications.
Project Title:
Rapid-Mix Concepts for Low-Emission Combustors in Gas Turbine Engines
01.02-6576
NAS3-25834
Rapid-Mix Concepts for Low-Emission
Combustors in Gas Turbine Engines
CFD Research Corporation
3325-D Triana Boulevard
Huntsville, AL 35805
Clifford E. Smith
(205-536-6576)
Abstract:
Innovative rapid-mix concepts will be studied for rich-burn, quick-quench, and lean-burn
(RQL) gas turbine combustors applicable to future high-speed aircraft. Conventional
quick quench sections for circular flame tube configurations have employed radial
in-flow holes or slots, and little mixing optimization has been performed. Two concepts
are proposed for improved mixing: asymmetric jet penetration (AJP) and a lobe mixer
(LM). In Phase I, the AJP concept will be studied. Two schemes of the AJP concept
will be analyzed: a counter-vortex scheme and a co-vortex scheme. These schemes produce
multiple vortex patterns which are substantially different from the conventional
concepts and have the potential of enhancing overall mixing. Three-dimensional computational
fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques will be employed to analyze and compare the proposed
AJP schemes with a conventional rapid-mix concept. In Phase II, the same CFD methods
would be employed to screen the LM concept. The most promising AJP or LM concept
would be selected, optimized, and experimentally tested to show its potential of
minimizing NOx formation.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The final optimized and tested RQL combustor design
can be patented and commercialized to gas turbine engine manufacturers.
Project Title:
Influence of Tooth-Profile Modification on the Lubrication of Involute Gearing
01.02-9888
NAS3-25955
Influence of Tooth-Profile Modification on the
Lubrication of Involute Gearing
Management Project Marketing Consultants
5902 East Hadrians Court
Anaheim, CA 92807-3919
Lotfi E. El-Bayoumy
(714-637-8910)
Abstract:
A transient thermal analysis approach will be utilized in evaluating the effect
of profile modification on the bulk temperature of involute gears. Linear, parabolic,
and circular-arc modifications will be considered. A finite-element generation program,
designed for use in gear cooling analysis, will be modified to incorporate profile
modification capability. A recently developed,thermal model will be used in assessing
the impact of these profile modifications. An optimization process is planned to
develop design charts in terms of amplitude and normalized length of the modified
portion so as to minimize the temperature rise over the gear tooth. The results of
this project should be of significant value in designing high speed gearing where
scoring is a primary mode of failure.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Commercial applications would be in improved gear
manufacturing methodology, improvement of the gear scoring index, and enhanced gear
transmission reliability
Project Title:
High-Temperature, Hostile-Environment Instruments Manufactured by CVD
01.03-4888
NAS3-25826
High-Temperature, Hostile-Environment
Instruments Manufactured by CVD
Delta G Corporation
9960-A Glenoaks Boulevard
Sun Valley, CA 91352
Robert A. Holzl
(818-767-4888)
Abstract:
This project takes advantage of the develop-ment, made in the mid-1960s for the
US Atomic Energy Commission, of a temperature-measuring device for the nuclear rocket
reactor. It was successfully tested at temperatures over 2200C. This project will
reproduce the device with modifications to make it useful in a high-temperature oxidizing
and erosive environment. The design includes a tungsten and tungsten 25-rhenium,
co-axial thermocouple made entirely by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process.
The miniaturization made possible by the use of CVD allows for minimal intrusion
of the probe into a working fluid. The high-temperature strength suggests good longevity
for the device. A working model will be constructed and tested at 1900C in air. Other
possible uses for CVD processing for instrument devices for hostile environments
will also be studied.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Commercial applications include gas temperature
measurements in gas turbine engines, rocket nozzles, and natural gas furnaces.
Project Title:
Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements of Velocity in Supersonic Reacting Flowfields
01.03-9030
NAS3-25840
Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements of
Velocity in Supersonic Reacting Flowfields
Physical Sciences, Inc.
20 New England Business Center
Andover, MA 01810
Mark G. Allen
(508-689-0003)
Abstract:
This project's approach to non-intrusive velocity measurements in reacting flow
fields is based on the Doppler-shifted fluorescence of the OH radical. It addresses
a critical need in the area of non-intrusive combustion diagnostic measurements and
finds particular application in the design of supersonic ramjet propulsion systems.
The innovation is based on the Doppler-shift of a moving ensemble of molecules relative
to a stationary ensemble. By recording the relative fluorescence profiles of stationary
and moving groups of molecules, the mean velocity component aligned with the laser
beam may be determined. In reacting flows, the radical OH will be distributed over
a large portion of the flow field and is proposed as the fluorescence tracer species.
In flows without chemical reactions, possible tracers include NO seeded into the
flow or O2. This approach circumvents inherent limitations in laser Doppler anemometry
and hot-wire techniques. Preliminary signal estimates with OH show good sensitivity
for velocities as low as 3 X 104 cm/s.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The proposed technique will find extensive application
throughout the aerospace industry and other industries developing air-breathing propulsion
systems.
Project Title:
Non-Intrusive, Single-Point Pressure and Temperature Sensor for Aeronautical
01.03-9654A
NAS3-25828
Non-Intrusive, Single-Point Pressure and
Temperature Sensor for Aeronautical
Propulsion Applications
Teknowlogica, Inc.
P.O. Box 145
Princeton Junction, NJ 08550
Robert W. McCullough
(609-799-9654)
Abstract:
A non-intrusive instrument to measure pressure and temperature at a point in flows
containing oxygen is being investigated. It would use an ultraviolet source to induce
fluorescence in oxygen. The intensity and spectral content of the fluorescent signal
in combination with the Rayleigh signal would be used to infer pressure and temperature
at a point in the flow field. The concept differs from laser-induced fluorescence
(LIF) in the use of a low-cost pump source and the examination of broad spectral
regions. Phase I research uses existing spectral models to explore design concepts,
to perform simple lab experiments using available equipment to validate models, and
to develop a preliminary conceptual design of a prototype instrument. Phase II efforts
would consist of detailed design, fabrication, and testing of the prototype instrument.
Due to the physical mechanism involved, it is expected to be applicable for pressures
ranging from 0.1 atm to 10 atm and temperatures from 200K to 1500K. This range of
operation would make it valuable for supporting the development of aeronautical propulsion
systems.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Remote measurement of temperature and pressure
fields inside wind tunnels and propulsion systems would be the primary application.
Project Title:
High-Efficiency Flow Induction
01.04-2685
NAS3-25941
High-Efficiency Flow Induction
Foa Engineering
11319 Commonwealth Drive, #101
North Bethesda, MD 20852
Joseph V. Foa
(301-467-3926)
Abstract:
This project investigates a method for improving the energy transfer efficiency
of "direct-flow induction" processes through enhancement of the single nondissipative
component that is the work of interface pressure forces. This is achieved by imparting
a transverse motion to paddle-like jets of the energizing fluid without, however,
imparting the same motion to the fluid particles that make up the jets themselves
and, hence, at no energy cost except for frictional losses. The transfer of momentum
and energy from these "fluid paddles" to the flow to be induced will take place in
good part through the work of the pressure forces that the two flows exert on one
another at their moving interfaces. Use of this mechanism can be expected to lead
to the development of improved jet pumps and thrust- or lift-augmenting ejectors.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Applications would occur in thrust or lift augmenters
for airliners and general aviation, improved water jet thrusters for marine propulsion,
improved ejector pumps, and fuel injectors for scramjets.
Project Title:
Two-Equation Turbulence Modeling of Hypersonic Transitional Flows with the UPS
02.01-1427
NAS2-13176
Two-Equation Turbulence Modeling of
Hypersonic Transitional Flows with the UPS
Code
Applied and Theoretical Mechanics, Inc.
4501 Sequoyah Road
Oakland, CA 94605
Joelle M. Champney
(415-635-1427)
Abstract:
The project seeks to improve the ability of turbulence models to solve transition
and turbulence phenomena in the hypersonic regime. The state-of-the-art UPS computer
code, developed at NASA Ames Research Center, will be the basic numerical tool. Two-equation
turbulence models, upgraded by a transition model, will be incorporated into the
UPS code in a "loosely" coupled manner. The transition model, based upon the production
term modification (PTM) developed by Schmidt and Patankar for low speed flows, will
be extended to hypersonic flows. The transition model will determine onset and end
of transition; no such hypersonic transitional model exists at the present time.
The PTM technique includes two constants that will be adjusted using empirical correlations
for onset and end of transition for hypersonic flows over cones. The model will be
tested by predicting transition processes and comparing them with transition experiments
for hypersonic flows over cones at Mach numbers of 6 and 8.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: This work will provide a numerical tool to predict
the important transitional processes on hypersonic aircraft and will improve the
numerical design process presently used by industry.
Project Title:
Coupling Grid Adaption to an Implicit Navier-Stokes Solution Procedure
02.01-3304
NAS8-38471
Coupling Grid Adaption to an Implicit Navier-Stokes Solution Procedure
Amtec Engineering, Inc.
3055 112th Avenue NE #208
Bellevue, WA 98004
Scott T. Imlay
(206-827-3304)
Abstract:
A grid-adaption procedure will be investigated for a recently developed class of
Navier-Stokes solvers which use relaxation rather than approximate factorization
to solve the linear system of equations. The objective is the implicit coupling of
an existing two-dimensional Navier-Stokes code and an existing two-dimensional grid-adaption
code. The grid-adaption code uses a spring and damper analogy and a novel non-linear
spring to avoid grid-depletion problems. During the Phase I, the grid-adaption
procedure will be refined to control grid orthogonality and improve convergence,
and methods of implicitly coupling grid-adaption to the Navier-Stokes solver will
be investigated. The combined adaptive-grid, Navier-Stokes solution procedure will
then be tested on representative supersonic and transonic flow problems.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Commercial and federal government applications
may occur in the analysis of viscous flow fields for a wide range of flight vehicles
and components.
Project Title:
Advanced Modeling of Combustion Systems
02.01-3800
NAS1-19024
Advanced Modeling of Combustion Systems
creare.x Inc.
Box A-219
Hanover, NH 03755
Jayathi Y. Murthy
(603-643-2600)
Abstract:
The accurate prediction of flow, species concentration, and temperature is essential
to the characterization and design optimization of combustors. To this end, it is
essential to include the effects of non-gray radiation and finite-rate chemical kinetics
in combustion modelling. This project addresses novel and highly parallel techniques
for this purpose. The discrete transfer model is used for non-gray radiation. For
stiff kinetics, a point-wise solution technique using stiff solvers for ordinary
differential equations is utilized. The Phase I effort will evaluate these techniques
within the framework of our commercial code FLUENT; verification problems from the
literature will serve to establish the correctness of results obtained. Phase II
would extend the implementation to non-orthogonal grids in our code FLUENT/BFC. At
culmination, this work would provide a comprehensive tool for the modelling of turbulent,
reacting subsonic flow and heat transfer in complex combustor geometries.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Enhanced capabilities for our current code, FLUENT,
which is presently being applied by industrial clients to model combustion applications,
will find reception in the gas turbine and the chemical vapor deposition communities.
Project Title:
Wind Tunnel Noise Reduction
02.02-0559
NAS1-19031
Wind Tunnel Noise Reduction
Atlantic Applied Research Corp.
4 A Street
Burlington, MA 01803
John F. Wilby
(617-273-2400)
Abstract:
Sound and turbulence generated by the interaction between the flow and structures
in wind tunnels adds to the fan noise and establishes the lower limit of background
noise. It interferes with the measurement of acoustic radiation from test articles
and the performance of transition experiments. Rather than attenuating sound after
it has been generated, this project addresses the reduction of flow-structure noise
at the source by modification of structures such as turning vanes, struts, and nozzle
lips. The concept involves the use of porous, perforated, or serrated edges to provide
a gradual hydrodynamic and acoustic transition at the edge so that the flow experiences
a gradual change of boundary conditions from a solid body to free air rather than
a discontinuous change at a leading or trailing edge. Experiments on three types
of trailing edges will be performed in the firm's quiet wind tunnel to validate the
analytical relations and to establish scaling relations. Results will be applicable
to the retrofit of existing facilities and to the design of new acoustic research
tunnels.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Results will have application to many government,
aerospace, and automobile industry wind tunnels. Quiet wind tunnels are planned in
all these areas.
Project Title:
Transition to Turbulence in Complex Aerodynamic Flows
02.03-5750
NAS1-19017
Transition to Turbulence in Complex
Aerodynamic Flows
Nektonics, Inc.
875 Main Street
Cambridge, MA 02139
Edward T. Bullister
(617-868-0101)
Abstract:
The goal is of this project is to develop a user-friendly CFD tool based on the
spectral-element, general geometry computer code, NEKTON, to compute the transition
to turbulence in complex geometry flows. The spectral-element, flow solvers in NEKTON
offer the advantage of accuracy, efficiency, and robustness in comparison with other
numerical methods. This code will be enhanced through the introduction of a renormalization-
group-based subgrid model to allow the code to calculate from laminar flow to developed
turbulence. Phase I will study prototypical, complex geometry flows, will explore
the supercritical versus subcritical character of shear-flow transition in complex
geometry, and will test the RNG sub-grid model. Phase II would extend NEKTON into
a general-purpose, transition-simulation tool for engineering through improved meshing
schemes, improved subgrid models, and general purpose interfaces to workstations.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The enhanced NEKTON transition analyzer should
reduce design costs and improve design reliability for airframe manufacturers, process
and manufacturing industries, and users of any industrial process in which flow stability
is important.
Project Title:
Calculation of Surface Pressure Fluctuations Based on Time-Averaged, Turbulent Flow
02.03-9391
NAS8-38466
Calculation of Surface Pressure Fluctuations
Based on Time-Averaged, Turbulent Flow
Computations
Engineering Analysis, Inc.
715 Arcadia Circle
Huntsville, AL 35801-5909
Frank B. Tatom
(205-533-9391)
Abstract:
The structural dynamic analysis of a space vehicle during atmospheric flight requires
knowledge of the mean and fluctuating pressure distribution over the surface of the
vehicle. Computational fluid dynamic techniques can readily calculate the mean pressure
component but not the fluctuating component. Experience with the turbulence analysis
(TURBAN) software model will be applied to develop an accurate and efficient method
to predict the intensity of surface-pressure fluctuations based on the properties
of the mean flow field as computed by standard CFD procedures. Specific objectives
for Phase I are: to establish the basic governing equation for the covariance of
pressure fluctuations; to determine the most practical numerical procedure; to develop
computational algorithms; to select candidate two-dimensional incompressible flow
problems which have CFD solutions; and to predict distribution of surface pressure
fluctuations. During Phase II, the technique would be expanded to apply, first, to
three-dimensional incompressible flow and, then, to two-dimensional and three-dimensional
compressible flow. In its final stage of development, the concept would take the
form of a CFD post-processor which could be used in conjunction with a variety of
CFD software programs.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Commercial applications would be through the sale
of the software as a post-processor to companies developing and utilizing CFD software.
Project Title:
A Holographic Interferometer Spectrometer for Hypersonic Flow
02.04-0688A
NAS2-13171
A Holographic Interferometer Spectrometer for
Hypersonic Flow
Metrolaser
18006 Skypark Circle #108
Irvine, CA 92714-6428
James D. Trolinger
(714-553-0688)
Abstract:
Holographic interferometry, widely used for diagnosis of flow fields, provides an
instantaneous, three-dimensional density distribution by observation of the fringe
variations of an interferogram. When optical path-length changes exceed one wavelength
of light, the flow field can be easily observed. When optical path-length changes
are much less than a wavelength of light, the problem is complicated since fringe
shifts are barely visible. A problem of current critical interest in aerodynamics
is the diagnosis of hypersonic flows involving low densities, short path-lengths,
and the mixing of flows. As a result, improved sensitivity and the ability to distinguish
constituents are needed. This project combines unique and innovative concepts with
state-of-the-art hardware to improve sensitivity and information content by orders
of magnitude over current systems. Specifically, the innovations include recording
the Fourier transform at resonance with tunable or multiple wavelength lasers and
reconstructing with a new phase shifting technique.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: This system will have applications in industries
requiring flow diagnoses in hypersonic wind tunnels, combustion facilities, and other
types of test facilities.
Project Title:
Remote Measurement System for Arc-Jet Temperature and Density
02.04-1520
NAS2-13172
Remote Measurement System for Arc-Jet
Temperature and Density
Deacon Research
2440 Embarcadero Way #B
Palo Alto, CA 94303
Douglas Bamford
(415-493-6100)
Abstract:
The properties of arc-jets used in laboratory simulation of the shock-created plasmas
experienced during atmospheric re-entry must be known in order to assess direct spacecraft
heating and hot-gas transport to the rear of the vehicle. We will investigate the
use of laser-induced fluorescence to obtain detailed information about arc-jet properties.
One advantages of this technique is direct measurement of the absolute number densities
and translational temperatures of oxygen and nitrogen atoms, which should improve
predictions of spacecraft heating by surface recombination. Another advantage is
direct measurement of vibrational and rotational temperatures for minor components
of the flow, which should serve as "thermometers" for the overall energy distribution
within the flow. The LIF technique is sensitive, is flexible enough to be used on
many different species, and can make multiple species measurements (or temperature
measurements on a single species) instantaneously. After choosing the optimum LIF
scheme, we will design a prototype, laser-based detection system. This system would
be constructed and calibrated in a Phase II effort and, eventually, installed and
operated on an appropriate NASA arc-jet facility.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The applications would be in the design of advanced
space vehicles and aircraft such as the National Aerospace Plane.
Project Title:
Transport Properties in Non-Equilibrium Air Mixtures
02.04-4007
NAS1-19018
Transport Properties in Non-Equilibrium Air
Mixtures
Hansen Research Associates
P.O. Box 30133
Eugene, OR 97403
C. Frederick Hansen
(503-344-4007)
Abstract:
The first purpose of this project are to determine how closely simple, weighted,
cross sections can match the collision integrals of the Chapman-Cowling formulation
as a function of temperature. The second is to demonstrate that simple formulae for
viscosity, thermal conductivity, and mass diffusion of gas mixtures approximate the
functional form of more exact models. The third purpose is to find empirical adjustments
of the cross sections and/or constant coefficients in the mixture formulae which
will not only retain the proper functional form but will also quantitatively reproduce
more exact models. The goal is to provide a fast, efficient algorithm which can be
used in CFD programs with the most speed possible so that these programs can find
solutions to complex, non-equilibrium airflow conditions in reasonable computation
times. The methods developed will also provide a basis for quick calculation of transport
properties of gas mixtures other than air.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The methods developed would apply to all high
temperature gas systems such as combustors, turbines, internal combustion engines,
etc., whether for commercial or government applications.
Project Title:
High-Velocity Gas-Surface Accommodation
02.04-9030
NAS9-18326
High-Velocity Gas-Surface Accommodation
Physical Sciences, Inc.
20 New England Business Center
Andover, MA 01810
George E. Caledonia
(508-689-0003)
Abstract:
A knowledge of the velocity-dependent, gas-surface accommodation behavior of ambient
species impacting high- performance aerospace materials is critical for the proper
design of hypersonic vehicles which operate in rarefied atmospheres. To investigate
surface-energy and momentum accommodation of high-velocity gases on selected materials,
we will employ a unique beam source which can provide high fluxes of oxygen atoms
and mixtures of N and N2 at hypersonic velocities of interest, 4 to 12 kilometers
per second. The resulting data base would find direct application for performance
predictions for flight vehicles such as AFE and NASP.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: A unique test facility for the characterization
of the accommodation and surface-catalytic properties of high performance aerospace
materials could be used in hypersonic rarefied-flow applications in both terrestrial
and planetary atmospheres.
Project Title:
A Model for Shock Turbulence Interaction
02.04-9457
NAS1-19027
A Model for Shock Turbulence Interaction
Nielsen Engineering & Research, Inc.
510 Clyde Avenue
Mountain View, CA 94043-2287
Robert E. Childs
(415-968-9457)
Abstract:
One of the most important issues in developing computational fluid dynamics methods
for hypersonic flow is turbulence modeling. One of the unique aspects of hypersonic
flow is the substantial effect of the shock waves on turbulence. Previous work has
found that current turbulence models do not represent the interaction of the shock
motion with the turbulence and that this interaction is considerable. This project
is concerned with developing a turbulence model to account for this phenomenon.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: This model will be useful to the aerospace industry
and will enhance the company's range of commercially available software.
Project Title:
Coupling of Unsteady Fluid Dynamics and Structures in Low-Density, High-Speed Flows
02.05-8581
NAS8-38456
Coupling of Unsteady Fluid Dynamics and
Structures in Low-Density, High-Speed Flows
Remtech, Inc.
3304 Westmill Drive
Huntsville, AL 35805
Sarat C. Praharaj
(205-536-8581)
Abstract:
NASA has been reviewing lightweight, umbrella-type elastic aerobraking orbital transfer
vehicles to operate at the hypersonic Mach numbers in the low-density region of the
atmosphere. The payloads which are mounted in the wake region of the aerobrake will
be subject to time-varying aerodynamic loads due to impingement of the non-steady
shear layer separating from the aerobrake. Cyclic variations in the aerodynamics
and aeroheating of the aerobrake and shear layer impingement on the payload may cause
structural failure. A computational technique is required to couple a compressible,
time-accurate CFD code with a structural analysis code to simulate fluids-structures
interactions. Some investigations have been made for fluids-structures coupling in
transonic flow, but almost no significant developments exist for the low-density,
hypersonic flow regime. This project will conduct a literature survey of compressible
time-dependent flow, choose a suitable structural response code, and develop a coupling
procedure including a moving grid algorithm and time-step calculation procedure.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: This code will be applicable to any high-altitude
ascent or reentry vehicle.
Project Title:
Aerodynamic Control of the F/A-18 Using Forebody Vortex Blowing
02.06-8228A
NAS2-13155
Aerodynamic Control of the F/A-18 Using
Forebody Vortex Blowing
Eidetics International, Inc.
3415 Lomita Boulevard
Torrance, CA 90505
Gerald N. Malcolm
(213-326-8228)
Abstract:
Improved agility and maneuverability for future fighter aircraft by use of aerodynamic
control at high angles-of-attack has been demonstrated through forebody vortex manipulation.
This project applies the generic technology to a forebody blowing scheme that could
be flight tested by the NASA F-18 HARV. The Phase I effort will determine the most
effective placement and orientation of blowing nozzles or slots on an F-18 model
to create the largest effect on the forebody vortex structure with the minimum blowing
rate. Water tunnel flow experiments in the firm's 24x36-inch water tunnel will be
used in visualizing the vortex structure with various blowing schemes over an angle-of-attack
range to at least 60. Results will guide planning for wind tunnel force and moment
tests of sub-scale models in Phase II and for possible tests of a full-scale F-18
in the NASA Ames 40x80x120-foot wind tunnel. Successful development of a forebody
blowing system in Phase II could lead to full-scale flight tests on the F-18 HARV.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Forebody vortex control could become a viable
option for the design of aerodynamic control systems of future aerospace vehicles.
Project Title:
Soft Hub for Bearingless Rotors
02.07-3017A
NAS2-13157
Soft Hub for Bearingless Rotors
Advanced Technologies, Inc.
812 Middle Ground Blvd
Newport News, VA 23606
Peter G. Dixon
(804-873-3017)
Abstract:
The rotary wing industry has striven to develop a bearingless main rotor (BMR) having
no mechanical bearings. All true BMR systems are limited by the strength in static-fatigue
loads versus flapwise flexibility, resulting in limited G-maneuvers from a highly
responsive rotor system. Our soft-hub rotor concept allows tilting of the rotor by
a disc moving the virtual hinge inboard, eliminating this undesirable limitation.
It provides the simplicity of a true bearingless main rotor system with flapping
angles up to plus-or-minus 15 degrees and allows the BMR to be used on all rotorcraft
configurations, even tandem rotors. The objective is to develop a feasible soft-hub
design based on the use of existing composite materials. Various levels of "soft
hub" stiffness will be analyzed to obtain a match of mission and rotorcraft response
requirements. The soft-hub rotor concept has universal applications for rotor
systems allowing co-planer BMR rotor configurations with 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 blades.
A Phase II proof-of-concept, scaled wind tunnel test would prove the soft hub capabilities
and generate a data base for full scale design.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The system would be of value to military and civilian
rotorcraft industries.
Project Title:
General Time-Domain Unsteady Aerodynamics of Rotors
02.07-3944
NAS2-13125
General Time-Domain Unsteady Aerodynamics
of Rotors
Johnson Aeronautics
P.O. Box 1253
Palo Alto, CA 94302
Wayne Johnson
(415-325-3944)
Abstract:
A general theory for the time-domain unsteady aerodynamics of helicopter rotors
will be developed. The wake theory gives a linearized relation between the downwash
and the wing-bound circulation in terms of the impulse response obtained directly
in the time domain. This approach makes it possible to treat general wake configurations.
The impulse response can be related to the influence coefficients of a trim-wake
model, allowing direct use of sophisticated wake models developed for the trim-loading
problem. The development will encompass implementation of the wake theory and include
model order reduction and identification of a differential equation representation.
The result of this activity would be an approach for analyzing aeroelastic behavior
while retaining the important influence of the complicated wake configuration
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The resulting analysis would support research,
design, and evaluation of advanced rotorcraft configurations.
Project Title:
A High-Temperature, Directional, Spectral Emissivity Measurement System
02.08-0371
NAS1-19026
A High-Temperature, Directional, Spectral
Emissivity Measurement System
Information & Control Systems, Inc.
28 Research Drive
Hampton, VA 23666
Nesim Halyo
(804-865-0371)
Abstract:
In addressing the need for wind tunnel instrumentation to measure temperature and
heat flux in the range 1500C to 3000C, this project is developing a new, high-temperature,
directional, spectral emissivity-measurement system based on a special integrating-sphere
configuration. With known directional, spectral emissivity, the temperature is directly
obtained from the emitted flux. Current systems determine emissivity only in the
normal direction by measuring the emitted flux, which is highly sensitive to temperature
uncertainties. The proposed approach measures the reflected energy, which is insensitive
to sample temperature uncertainties. It can determine the emissivity in any direction
from normal to 80 degrees, in the wavelength region from 0.25 microns to 25 microns,
and from room temperature to 3000C with a theoretically established accuracy (to
be confirmed experimentally). The measurement procedure and theoretical accuracy
will be validated experimentally at temperatures reaching 3000C by testing the integrating
sphere configuration with other essential equipment in an experimental measurement
system. In Phase I, feasibility will be demonstrated at room temperature; Phase II
would be directed toward a demonstration at high temperatures.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Applications would be in hypersonic wind tunnels,
infrared
imaging, and thermal laboratory equipment for jet propulsion, nuclear reactor technology,
and solar energy.
Project Title:
Cross-Correlation, Optical Strain Sensor for Wind Tunnel Test Instrumentation
02.08-0655
NAS1-19022
Cross-Correlation, Optical Strain Sensor for
Wind Tunnel Test Instrumentation
American Research Corp. of Virginia
P.O. Box 3406
Radford, VA 24143-3406
Adel Sarrafzadeh
(703-731-0655)
Abstract:
Wind tunnel testing requires instrumentation which is rugged, reliable, and accurate
and which provides test data quickly to the test operator. Measurements of static
and dynamic strains and proof testing on aerospace structural models are performed
in various types of wind tunnels. The typical strain sensors used in such applications
at very high temperatures have inherent limitations such as signal reproducibility
and incompatibility with the test surface. The laser speckle-based, cross-correlation
strain sensor addresses these problems by providing a flexible, noncontacting system
for evaluating the large static and dynamic strain fields on the surface of advanced
structural materials at temperatures of 1100C and higher. Phase I will identify high-temperature,
high-level strain measurement requirements; configure a rugged, interrogating optical
system; integrate solid-state imaging devices; assess test data; and design a proof-of-concept,
cross-correlation, optical strain sensor for development and extensive testing in
Phase II.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Potential applications are in various types of
wind tunnels within the commercial aerospace manufacturing industries.
Project Title:
General Flow-Field Analysis Methods for Helicopter Rotor Aeroacoustics
02.09-9282
NAS1-19023
General Flow-Field Analysis Methods for
Helicopter Rotor Aeroacoustics
Continuum Dynamics, Inc.
P.O. Box 3073
Princeton, NJ 08543
Alan J. Bilanin
(609-734-9282)
Abstract:
The importance of reducing the noise emitted by helicopter rotors has been widely
recognized for many years. Previous work in this field has led to the development
of an efficient and accurate Lagrangian simulation of the unsteady vorticity field
in the vicinity of the main rotor. It could serve as the foundation for a general
analysis of the noise generated by main-rotor-wake and tail-rotor interactions. This
simulation, a technology demonstration for a limited class of interactions, must
be considerably enhanced before it can become a generally applicable tool for the
prediction of rotor noise. The overall objective of this project is to demonstrate
techniques for generalizing the existing analysis so it can address broad classes
of rotor-wake and rotor interaction phenomena, particularly those that figure in
main rotor noise generation. These enhancements focus on the expansion of the reconstruction
program to handle arbitrary vortex wake intersections of three-dimensional regions
around or near main rotors, the development of new nearfield velocity corrections
for such interactions, and a preliminary study of methods for using the new high-resolution
flow-field analysis for acoustic predictions.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: A general predictive capability for noise due
to rotor-wake and rotor interactions would aid in the design of helicopters to meet
both civil and military noise specifications.
Project Title:
The Applications of Fractional Calculus to Noise Simulation
02.09-9391
NAS8-38452
The Applications of Fractional Calculus to Noise
Simulation
Engineering Analysis, Inc.
715 Arcadia Circle
Huntsville, AL 35801-5909
Frank B. Tatom
(205-533-9391)
Abstract:
The realistic stochastic simulation of noise processes is important in a number
of areas. These include aircraft and helicopter noise, electro-optical sensor (1/f)
noise, atmospheric background noise for scanning systems, atmospheric turbulence
for flight training simulation, ocean background noise for sonar systems, and seismic
noise for the detection of underground explosions. Unfortunately, the most rigorous
stochastic models are often characterized by spectra with certain irrational properties.
Previously such spectra could only be approximated in the stochastic generation process.
By the application of fractional (non-integer) derivatives in the time domain, improved
difference equations may be obtained which will permit new noise generation techniques
that are more efficient, flexible, and rigorous than their predecessors. Such techniques
have the potential for simulating noise series with time-varying spectral properties.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Realistic simulations of stochastic noise processes
would be valuable design tools during product development and also useful aids for
training operating personnel. Such simulations may also lead to advanced techniques
for detecting target signals under low signal-to-noise conditions.
Project Title:
Computer Simulation and Design of Jet-Noise Suppressors
02.10-7070
NAS3-25829
Computer Simulation and Design of Jet-Noise
Suppressors
Aerochem Research Laboratories, Inc.
P.O. Box 12
Princeton, NJ 08542
Charles H. Berman
(609-921-7070)
Abstract:
Computational, rather than experimental, methods are proposed to develop, design,
and test the noise suppressors that will be needed to quiet the jet turbulence noise
produced by the High Speed Civil Transport and other supersonic vehicles. The viability
of this approach is due to recent advances in turbulence theory and numerical methods.
These combine renormalization- group methods and spectral-element techniques so that
fully three-dimensional, time-dependent flows can be treated at high Reynolds number.
The Phase I program will focus on user-friendly procedures for specifying the coordinates
of the suppressor nozzles and the computational grid. The turbulent jet flows of
several complex, three-dimensional nozzles will be computed using time-averaged turbulent
transport methods. Fully time-dependent computations of turbulence and the near-
field sound will be performed for planar nozzles both with and without upstream excitation.
This approach will lead to more rational and systematic methods for the optimization
of jet-noise suppressors and allow simulation at conditions inaccessible to laboratory
test facilities.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The results of this project may be applicable
to problems involving turbulent mixing, including mixing of hot and cool gas streams
to reduce infrared signatures, fuel and oxidizers, and reactants in any chemical
synthesis system.
Project Title:
Eddy Current Repulsion De-Icing Strip
03.01-2403
NAS3-25836
Eddy Current Repulsion De-Icing Strip
Electroimpact, Inc.
2721 N.E. Blakeley Street
Seattle, WA 98105
Peter Zieve
(206-525-2403)
Abstract:
This project addresses an innovative and unique deicing system suitable for composite
leading edges of aircraft. Helicopter rotors, engine inlets, as well as many recently
designed aircraft are made of composite materials. The concept consists of a thin
spiral coil encapsulated in elastomer and bonded to the composite leading edge. A
thin metal strip is formed across the leading edge over the coil. A bank of capacitors
discharges through the coil, inducing eddy currents in the thin metal strip and creating
the impulse deicing force. The outer strip serves as a surface for the collection
and shedding of ice and does not require any structural properties. The eddy-current
repulsion deicing strip (EDS) concept has five advantages. Stress and fatigue effects
are limited to the replaceable, outer metal strip. It would be easy to retrofit since
there is no impact on aircraft design or structure. It provides a tough, erosion
resistant metal leading edge. There would little electromagnetic interference due
to the shielding effect of the metal. Ice does not adhere to metal as well as to
elastomer.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: This product may aid in the certification of numerous
aircraft for use
in known icing conditions.
Project Title:
An Improved Methodology to Assess Departure Susceptibility Versus Agility
03.03-8228A
NAS1-19009
An Improved Methodology to Assess Departure
Susceptibility Versus Agility
Eidetics International, Inc.
3415 Lomita Boulevard
Torrance, CA 90505
Joseph R. Chody
(213-326-8228)
Abstract:
This project will investigate new and innovative criteria to evaluate the relationship
between departure susceptibility and agility of several modern fighter aircraft.
The criteria consider high-angle-of-attack stability requirements and the controllability
limits of agile combat maneuvers. One aspect of the effort will be an analytical
assessment of the F-18 HARV aircraft to be performed in parallel with the F-18 high-angle-of-attack
flight test program. The results of this project will be design methodologies which
quantify the trade-offs that must be considered in designing an aircraft having optimal
agility but with a high level of departure resistance.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The new design criteria will define minimum requirements
for stability and controllability for aircraft capable of agile, high-angle-of-attack
maneuvering.
Project Title:
Real-Time Adaptive Identification and Prediction of Flutter
03.05-5355
NAS2-13132
Real-Time Adaptive Identification and Prediction
of Flutter
Scientific Systems, Inc.
500 West Cummings Park Suite 3950
Woburn, MA 01801
Shahjahan Mahmood
(617-933-5355)
Abstract:
The existing methods for the identification and predication of flutter damping characteristics
are not sufficiently accurate or fast enough for real-time wind tunnel or flight
testing. The objective of this project is to demonstrate that recent developments
in system identification and model structure determination can be developed into
reliable and automatic software on microprocessors for the identification, tracking,
and prediction of changing flutter characteristics. Demonstration of feasibility
includes modifying system-identification and structure-determination algorithms to
handle changing systems, applying simultaneous confidence bands for prediction of
flutter damping characteristics, testing the modified algorithms with flutter data,
and evaluating computational and storage requirements for microprocessor implementation.
The anticipated results are the demonstration of an algorithm suitable for microprocessor
implementation which reliably and automatically identifies, tracks, and predicts
the changing flutter dynamics.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Possible applications for the technology are in
chemical process control, control and identification of power plants, and adaptive
control in industrial manufacturing.
Project Title:
Flight Instrumentation for Simultaneous Detection of Flow Separation and Transition
03.05-7093
NAS2-13023
Flight Instrumentation for Simultaneous
Detection of Flow Separation and Transition
Analytical Services & Materials, Inc.
107 Research Drive
Hampton, VA 23666
Siva M. Mangalam
(804-865-7093)
Abstract:
A portable data acquisition and instrumentation system (DAISy), developed by the
company for use in wind-tunnel tests, accurately identifies and demarcates regions
of flow separation and reattachment and the leading-edge stagnation point. Simultaneously,
it also determines laminar-to-turbulent transition and the spectral content of the
most amplified disturbances in the boundary layer. This project will apply this powerful
technique in a simple, portable, effective, real-time, in-flight, flow-diagnostic
tool. A sailplane will be used during Phase I of the project for the in-flight detection
of the surface boundary-layer characteristics. Multi-element, non-intrusive, hot-film
sensors will be installed on the wing. A light-weight, compact instrumentation package
consisting of a bank of constant temperature anemometers, signal conditioners, and
a microcomputer-based data acquisition system similar to DAISy will be used. The
instrumentation system and the associated software package will be designed as a
general purpose diagnostics tool for a variety of flight-test applications. High-speed
applications would occur during Phase II using a suitable aircraft.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The product would be an instrumentation system
for flight-test applications.
Project Title:
Low-Cost, Angle-of-Attack Sensor for Subsonic Aircraft
03.06-0533
NAS1-19006
Low-Cost, Angle-of-Attack Sensor for Subsonic
Aircraft
Innovative Dynamics
244 Langmuir Lab, Cornell Research Park
Ithaca, NY 14850-1296
Joseph J. Gerardi
(607-257-0533)
Abstract:
The objective of this project is to develop a low-cost, smart, angle-of-attack and
angle-of-sideslip sensor (SAASS). The design has a fixed-position sensing element
capable of measuring velocity heading and flow direction over a complete 360-degree
angle. This will produce a 3-axis velocity vector that will enable the determination
of angle-of-attack and angle-of-sideslip. Use of a microprocessor in the SAASS will
allow digital compensation for airflow temperature and pressure to calculate absolute
velocity. A prototype airflow sensor with an angular sensitivity of 1 degree will
be designed, fabricated, and tested during the Phase I effort. By combining a simple
mechanical design with low-cost CMOS-VLSI circuitry, a probe can be developed at
a cost of approximately $200 per unit. The probe, software, and serial interface
will be delivered to NASA at Phase I completion for demonstration on a standard personal
computer.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: A low-cost, low-drag, smart aircraft flow measurement
instrument would have enormous potential because a device that will determine true
airspeed is presently unavailable using conventional pitot-static instrumentation.
Project Title:
Laser-Speckle Interferometer for Surface- Acoustic-Displacement Measurements
03.06-0655
NAS2-13129
Laser-Speckle Interferometer for Surface- Acoustic-Displacement Measurements
American Research Corp. of Virginia
P.O. Box 3406
Radford, VA 24143-3406
Adel Sarrafzadeh
(703-731-0655)
Abstract:
Techniques for real-time characterization of the properties of structures and propulsion
systems of advanced aeronautical and aerospace vehicles require accurate measurement
of dynamic properties. This project will develop a non-intrusive, rugged, optical
imaging method compatible with poorly reflecting surfaces of advanced propulsion
system components. This approach, based on guided-wave propagation phenomena, can
use the Lamb-wave technique, in which measurements of acoustic wave speeds can be
directly related to material stiffness properties. The project addresses the detection
problems associated with surface acoustical measurements employing optical technology.
Technical objectives include identification of elastic wave parameters and testing
requirements; evaluation of a rugged, multi-axis acoustic displacement sensor; integration
of acousto-optical ultrasonic detection subsystems; assessment of test data; and
design of a proof-of-concept system for development and testing in the Phase II program.
Successful completion of these objectives will result in instrumentation for monitoring
the performance characteristics of flight vehicles.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Applications include non-destructive evaluation
in industrial processes and dynamic measurements in aircraft testing.
Project Title:
Evaluation of PVDF Film as a Pressure Sensor
03.06-1223
NAS2-13024
Evaluation of PVDF Film as a Pressure Sensor
B&D Instruments and Avionics
209 W. Main
Valley Center, KS 67147
Richard Kreeger
(316-755-1223)
Abstract:
This project investigates the feasibility of developing a highly accurate, low-cost
polymer sensor utilizing the piezoelectric properties of PVDF combined with a diaphragm
and/or other force sensitive structure to produce a pressure sensor. The polymer
sensor will be easily adapted to commercial and general-aviation aircraft for sensors
utilized in smart angle-of-attack and angle-of-sideslip measurements.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Applications cross industry lines. Pressure measurements
must be made in most industrial processes.
Project Title:
Ceramic-Matrix-Composite for Hypersonic Engine Structures
03.07-8061
NAS1-19011
Ceramic-Matrix-Composite for Hypersonic
Engine Structures
Refractory Composites, Inc.
12220-A Rivera Road
Whittier, CA 90606
Edward L. Paquette
(213-698-8061)
Abstract:
Advanced composites based on ceramic or carbon matrices are candidates for hot wall
structures of hypersonic engines. The advantages of these composites relative to
metals are reduced weight, reduced risks of hydrogen corrosion or embrittlement,
improved acoustic damping, and higher mean operating temperatures. The higher temperature
capability reduces the cooling load imposed on the hydrogen fuel and allows use of
warm hydrogen (1400-1600oF) for cooling ceramic-matrix-composite (CMC) structures
to (2200-2400oF). Initial development will be conducted on CMC panel structures with
integral coolant passages.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Cooled CMC wall structures could be applied in
heat transfer equipment of interest to energy conversion and chemical process industries.
Project Title:
An Advanced Heat Rejection System for an AVCD Engine in a High-Altitude Research
03.08-3226B
NAS2-13131
An Advanced Heat Rejection System for an
AVCD Engine in a High-Altitude Research
Platform
Dieseldyne Corporation
3044 Middleboro Road
Morrow, OH 45152
Richard P. Johnston
(513-899-3226)
Abstract:
This project will evaluate the requirements for heat rejection from the various
systems of an ultra-high-altitude, advanced variable-cycle diesel (AVCD) installed
in an airframe suitable for atmospheric sampling missions. A combination of convective
and radiation heat transport systems will be evaluated and then incorporated into
a diesel simulator code for performance evaluation. Configurations and ultimate performance
levels will be determined, and an assessment of the installation effects performed.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: These heat exchanger systems could be applicable
to the NASP or supersonic transport aircraft.
Project Title:
Fuel-Cell Propulsion System for a High-Altitude Research Platform
03.08-5694
NAS2-13158
Fuel-Cell Propulsion System for a High-Altitude
Research Platform
Aurora Flight Sciences Corporation
Box 11998
Alexandria, VA 22312
John S. Langford
(703-845-5694)
Abstract:
A fuel-cell-based electric propulsion system for very high-altitude aircraft will
be investigated. This system would potentially be capable of reaching altitudes of
up to 40 km (131,000 ft) with a scientific payload in excess of 450 kg (1000 lbs).
It would be an attractive propulsion alternative for NASA'S proposed High Altitude
Research Platform or other very high altitude aircraft. Phase I will design a system
that uses either cryogenic oxygen or compressed air as the oxidizer for the fuel
cell. The seven tasks to be completed include: fuel cell selection; evaluation of
turbocharging concepts; prediction of propeller performance; analysis of electric
propulsion drive trains; analysis of cooling requirements; preliminary design of
a baseline system; and formulation of results so as to support parametric studies
for aircraft sizing and optimization.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: This project is applicable to high-altitude aircraft
needed to support global, climate research. The company has prospects for private
funding of full-scale development.
Project Title:
Very-High-Altitude Aircraft with Joined Wings
03.08-7121
NAS2-13156
Very-High-Altitude Aircraft with Joined Wings
ACA Industries, Inc.
28603 Trailriders Drive
Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90274
Julian Wolkovitch
(213-539-7121)
Abstract:
This project investigates the application of joined wings to subsonic aircraft designed
to fly above 100,000 feet. Joined-wing airplanes employ two sets of wings rigidly
connected together to form a triangulated self-bracing structure. Structural analyses
and wind-tunnel tests have shown that, compared to cantilever wings, joined wings
are lighter, stiffer, and have higher span-efficiency factors, giving lower induced
drag. Aircraft flying above 100,000 feet must operate near the drag-divergence Mach
number while generating high lift coefficients. For such flight conditions, thin
supercritical airfoils are desirable. Cantilever wings employing such thin airfoils
tend to be heavy and/or excessively flexible. For joined wings, however, reducing
thickness-chord-ratio gives only small penalties in structural weight and rigidity.
The net effect is that the joined wing can increase the altitude and payload capabilities
of very high altitude aircraft. This project will delineate suitable joined-wing
configurations, and will select one configuration for detailed structural and aerodynamic
investigations.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The results would apply to very-high altitude
aircraft intended for atmospheric sampling or earth resources surveys and may also
yield improvements in range, speed, and payload of transport aircraft.
Project Title:
Methods and Tools for Assessing Limits of System Intelligence
03.09-1457B
NAS1-19021
Methods and Tools for Assessing Limits of
System Intelligence
Search Technology, Inc.
4725 Peachtree Corners Circle, Suite 20
Norcross, GA 30092
William B. Rouse
(404-441-1457)
Abstract:
Intelligent systems technology is envisioned as being an important component of future
aviation and space systems. Expert systems for mission planning, flight control,
and flight management are primary examples. While the ability to build intelligent
systems has been demonstrated, we do not understand their properties in ways that
we understand, for example, control systems. Limitations of the physical and behavioral
models that underlie intelligent systems can lead to undesirable behaviors analogous
to oscillation and instability in traditional systems. This project will develop
methods and tools for analyzing intelligent systems and predicting likely undesirable
behaviors. The overall methodology will involve iterative use of analytical and
empirical methods to assess internal consistency and external validity, respectively.
The eventual product will be computer-based tools for analyzing designs of intelligent
systems such as are likely to be part of future NASA systems, as well as a plethora
of commercial systems.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Computer-based tools for assessing intelligent
systems could be applied in aviation, space, manufacturing, power, and process industries.
Project Title:
A Knowledge-Based Simulation Design, Development, and Coding Environment
03.10-0753
NAS2-13130
A Knowledge-Based Simulation Design,
Development, and Coding Environment
G & C Systems, Inc.
30250 Rancho Viejo Road, Suite B
San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675
David M. Tartt
(714-248-7212)
Abstract:
This project involves the development of a knowledge-based environment for simulation
design, development and coding. This software development environment would provide
a common user interface, knowledge base, and data base for all computers used at
NASA-Dryden to develop and code simulations. The environment would encourage the
development of portable code. This would be accomplished by encouraging the user
to select routines and/or routine formats from a data base and by employing automated
code generation and code conversion programs. Coding practices which inhibit and
promote portability would be made readily available on the system documentation.
The environment would allow the user to build a simulation by responding to prompts
from the system. The user would be allowed to access code, subroutines, or complete
programs from other simulations as required. The innovation would significantly reduce
the cost of developing simulations and of rehosting them in other computers.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The product could apply throughout the aerospace
community which relies extensively on modeling and simulation for system design and
analysis. It could save time and money in developing and rehosting simulations and
exchanging them among contractors and government agencies.
Project Title:
A Coated, Titanium Diboride, Whisker-Toughened, Silicon Carbide Matrix Composite
04.01-1980A
NAS3-25630
A Coated, Titanium Diboride, Whisker-Toughened, Silicon Carbide Matrix
Composite
Materials and Electrochemical Research
7960 S Kolb Road
Tucson, AZ 85706
J. C. Withers
(602-574-1980)
Abstract:
Silicon carbide is a very desirable structural ceramic, but state-of-the-art monoliths
lack toughness and reliability. Whisker toughening has not been effective due to
the disappearance of the SiC in the very high temperature consolidation process.
Titanium diboride particles have demonstrated stability in the SiC consolidation
process but do not have a major impact on increasing toughness and lack oxidation
stability above about 1200oC. This project will explore the use of TiB2 whiskers
that should substantially increase toughness and apply a Y2O3 coating to the TiB2
whiskers that should provide oxidation protection above 1400C. The target properties
are 8 MPam toughness and 800 MPa strength above 1400C. Rigorous and unique processing
will be utilized to avoid large particles or agglomerations to produce a theoretical
dense composite with flaw sizes less than the critical size.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Toughened, oxidation-stable, TiB2 whisker-reinforced
SiC will have applications in aerospace propulsion and power applications, components
for diesel and spark ignition engines, pump seals and parts, nozzles, wear plates,
armor, heat exchangers, etc.
Project Title:
High-Temperature, Film-Based Polybenzoxazole/Polymide Microcomposite
04.01-3200
NAS3-25871
High-Temperature, Film-Based
Polybenzoxazole/Polymide Microcomposite
for Turbine Engines
Foster-Miller, Inc.
350 Second Avenue
Waltham, MA 02154-1196
Ted E. Kirchner
(617-890-3200)
Abstract:
High-temperature composites must be used extensively on aircraft turbine engines
to meet high thrust-to-weight requirements on all classes of next-generation aircraft.
This project will develop a film-based composite of PBO (poly p-phenylene benzobisoxazole)
and PMR-II that will have the properties of high-performance carbon composites without
the cost and microcracking associated with discrete-fiber and matrix composites.
The approach is to introduce the PMR-II into the PBO through an interpenetrating
network (IPN) process that assures a homogeneous microcomposite which is impermeable
and is highly resistant to delamination. The PBO/PMR-II laminate will be tested at
room temperature and up to 650K to verify its high-temperature performance. In the
Phase II program, we will bring in a turbine manufacturer to identify a suitable
component to fabricate with PBO/PMR-II.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Advanced aircraft turbine engine components could
be fabricated with high-temperature composites at considerable cost and weight savings.
This is also true with internal airframe structures for advanced supersonic aircraft
and hypersonic vehicles such as the National Aerospace Plane.
Project Title:
Soluble, Conducting-Polymer-Based Conductive Coatings
04.01-9049
NAS3-25889
Soluble, Conducting-Polymer-Based Conductive
Coatings
Gumbs Associates, Inc.
11 Harts Lane
East Brunswick, NJ 08816
Prasanna C. Sekhar
(201-257-9053)
Abstract:
Recent unrelated work by the company has yielded a breakthrough in conducting polymer
technology. These polymers are processible and soluble with 6 percent or higher solubility
in organic solvents. They produce homogeneous, reproducible thin films with conductivities
as high as 1 S/cm. This project will seek to enhance conductivities of these polymers
and to synthesize new polymers based on trends identified in the prior work. The
work will also attempt to improve solubilizing, processing, and coating techniques.
The design of the targeted new polymers includes consideration of environmental stability
by exclusion of reactive constituents. Besides the advantages of weight, processibility,
their one-component nature and stability, the polymers will also have anticipated
superior conductivity compared to currently available composites.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Applications of light-weight, processible, and
stable conductive coatings include such uses as EMI shielding, IR emissivity and
radar signature reduction, odd-shaped electrodes, electrochromic displays, and ultrafast
electro-optic switches.
Project Title:
Probabilistic Structural Mechanics for Parallel Processing Computers
04.02-0018
NAS3-25824
Probabilistic Structural Mechanics for Parallel
Processing Computers
Applied Research Associates, Inc.
6404 Falls Of Neuse Road Suite 200
Raleigh, NC 27615
Robert H. Sues
(919-876-0018)
Abstract:
This project will explore the use of parallel processing computers to solve problems
in probabilistic structural mechanics (PSM) that arise in the assessment of reliability
of complex aerospace structures. PSM problems, solved by Monte Carlo simulation,
are inherently parallel and are ideally suited for solution on parallel computers.
Relatively little research, however, has been conducted in probabilistic structural
mechanics to exploit the power of these machines. The objectives of the Phase I effort
will focus on the evaluation, in a parallel computer architecture, of probabilistic
Monte Carlo implementation strategies, including pipelining (vectorization), concurrency
(multitasking), synchronization, and variance reduction techniques. While much of
the research in PSM over the last two decades has focused on basic theory development,
the next decade of research in computational PSM may open up a whole new class of
finite-element and dynamics problems to probabilistic structural analysis.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The solution of probabilistic structural mechanics
problems on parallel processing computers will provide direct guidance for probabilistic,
reliability-based analysis and design of space, defense, and critical commercial
structures.
Project Title:
LaRC-TPI and Liquid-Crystal Polymer Blends
04.03-3200
NAS1-19025
LaRC-TPI and Liquid-Crystal Polymer Blends
Foster-Miller, Inc.
350 Second Avenue
Waltham, MA 02154-1196
Richard W. Lusignea
(617-890-3200)
Abstract:
Spacecraft structures, such as the precision, segmented reflector, truss tubes,
and solar cell array panels, require the development of low coefficient-of-thermal-expansion
(CTE) polymers with excellent processibility. A blend of novel liquid-crystal polymers
(LCPs) with NASA's high-performance thermoplastic polyimide, LARC-TPI is an approach
for developing material with properties that meet future requirements for spacecraft.
Such blends can reduce CTE by more than a factor of 10 and can increase modulus by
more than three times at volume ratios of 30 to 50 percent for the LCP. These materials
are much easier to process because viscosity is reduced by two orders of magnitude.
Such improvements will make LARC-TPI and LCP blends fully competitive with fiber-reinforced
composites but at lower cost. These high-temperature, high-stiffness, low-density,
near-zero CTE films and molded parts will make ideal materials for a variety of applications,
such as high-strength, high-stiffness, thin-walled space structures and precision,
segmented reflectors for solar collectors.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Applications may include antenna and reflector
structures, solar array panels, thermal insulation layers, self-deployable structures,
thermally stable interlayers for components used for direct surface mounting and
multilayer board construction, and high-temperature vacuum bagging films for composite
fabrication.
Project Title:
Multi-Angular Weaving for Composite Preforms
04.03-5325
NAS1-19002
Multi-Angular Weaving for Composite Preforms
Textile Technologies, Inc.
2800 Turnpike Drive
Hatboro, PA 19040
Steve Walker
(215-443-5325)
Abstract:
The need to reduce labor expenses for the production of advanced composite preforms
has been a major issue in the composite industry. The ability to weave angular yarns
integrally, with standard warp (0 degree) and filling (90 degree) yarns, would be
an asset. Currently, labor intensive off-axis hand lay-ups are used to produce multiangular
preforms. This project will develop a concept to produce composite preforms with
off-axis fibers. In addition, this concept will not crimp or impale fibers.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The development of this technology would reduce
cost and improve mechanical properties of composite preforms. Such technology would
advance the U.S. in the composite industry.
Project Title:
Methods for Producing Fine-Particle, Thermoplastic Polyimide Sulfone Powder
04.03-8072
NAS1-19013
Methods for Producing Fine-Particle,
Thermoplastic Polyimide Sulfone Powder
High Technology Services, Inc.
250 Jordan Road, Suite 210
Troy, NY 12180
Milton L. Evans
(518-283-8072)
Abstract:
This project will design and develop innovative methods for producing powders of
polyimide sulfone polyamic acids as well as the polyimide sulfone. These materials
are becoming well known in the scientific and industrial communities for their array
of outstanding properties, including thermoplasticity. However, to exploit these
properties fully, the materials must be available in forms which allow diverse processing
options. One form which allows many options is the powder form. While several polyimides,
such as LARC-TPI powder, are available and being evaluated extensively, polyimide
sulfone powder with particle sizes of 10-20 microns is not available. Several major
aerospace companies and NASA materials organizations are keenly interested in evaluating
these powders in composite and adhesives applications. This project will develop
production techniques and supply developmental quantities to appropriate firms.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Polyimide sulfone thermoplastics are being evaluated
as matrix resins and adhesives for applications in aircraft and space vehicles. These
include fuselage and engine parts as well as adhesives for other polyimide composites.
Project Title:
CVD Chromium-Diboride Fibers for Metal-Matrix Composites
04.04-0236
NAS3-25886
CVD Chromium-Diboride Fibers for Metal-Matrix
Composites
Ultramet
12173 Montague Street
Pacoima, CA 91331
Andrew J. Sherman
(818-899-0236)
Abstract:
Ever-increasing design and performance requirements escalate the demands on materials
for gas turbine applications. The operational capabilities of the superalloys have
increased dramatically in the last decade, but further increases can be achieved
only through the addition of second-phase reinforcements. Acceptable reinforcements,
however, are not yet available due to drawbacks such as high density, low thermal
expansion, and poor oxidation resistance. Chromium diboride (CrB2) has a CTE matching
that of superalloys, good oxidation and corrosion resistance, high modulus, reasonable
density, and potentially high strength suitable for superalloy reinforcement. In
this Phase I project, the company will demonstrate the feasibility of producing continuous,
high-strength CrB2 monofilaments by chemical vapor deposition on a suitable wire
substrate and evaluate its stability in contact with various superalloys through
the use of diffusion couples. Specific program goals include developing a fine-grained,
microcrystalline CrB2 monofilament with a strength in the 100-200 ksi range and evaluating
its thermal and mechanical properties.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: CrB2-reinforced superalloys will find use in various
jet propulsion components including combustion liners, afterburner liners, exit nozzles,
turbine shrouds, blades and vanes, among others.
Project Title:
Rapidly Solidified, Narrow, Titanium-Aluminide Strip
04.04-5444A
NAS3-25872
Rapidly Solidified, Narrow, Titanium-Aluminide
Strip
Ribbon Technology Corporation
P.O. Box 30758
Gahanna, OH 43230
Mark Farrell
(614-864-5444)
Abstract:
NASA Lewis Research Center has developed an arc spray process which can fabricate
laminated titanium-aluminide composites using titanium-aluminide wire to form the
matrix. This is a significant materials advance in high-strength, high-temperature
properties with reduced weight. A major limitation to the application of this process
has been the brittleness of conventionally formed titanium-aluminide wire and its
high cost. The company will seek to direct-cast rapidly solidified titanium-aluminide
strip for use in place of wire to gain the following advantages: improved ductility,
longer lengths of strip, and improved process economics.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Aerospace applications for thin, advanced, intermetallic
strip will open up as manufacturability and cost efficiencies are demonstrated.
Project Title:
Microstructurally Toughened, Intermetallic Matrix Composites
04.04-8044
NAS3-25838
Microstructurally Toughened, Intermetallic Matrix
Composites
Cordec Corporation
8270-B Cinder Bed Road -- P.O. Box 188
Lorton, VA 22079-0188
Raymond J. Weimer
(703-550-8044)
Abstract:
Hypersonic flight vehicles and engines depend upon development of new, high-temperature,
metal-matrix-composite (MMC) materials. Fiber-reinforced, titanium-aluminide alloys
have great potential to meet the engineering requirements of such structures. Considerable
effort has gone into developing these MMCs with large-diameter, silicon-carbide fibers
(5.6 mil monofilaments), and mechanical properties have been impressive. However,
the toughness has been too low for damage-tolerant structural applications. The
manufacture of MMCs by vapor deposition offers the prospect of producing polyphase
microcomposite precursors in the form of continuous monofilaments or thin monotapes.
This would contain fiber in the desired volume fraction with diffusion barriers,
a titanium-aluminide matrix, and a ductile, high-temperature interphase for crack
arrest. Phase I will establish the feasibility of such MMC monotapes; demonstrate
thin-gauge composite panels consolidated from such tapes; and develop preliminary
process, structure, and property relationships to establish their potential for structural
use at temperatures above 1000oC. Phase II would demonstrate pilot scale production
of precursors and fabricability of complex structural shapes.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: This material could be extremely attractive for
advanced commercial aircraft turbine engine components where weight savings of more
than 50 percent are possible compared to superalloy components.
Project Title:
Advanced Finite-Elements for Structural Analysis
04.05-7351
NAS3-25879
Advanced Finite-Elements for Structural
Analysis
CSA Engineering, Inc.
560 San Antonio Road, Suite 101
Palo Alto, CA 94306-4682
Warren C. Gibson
(415-494-7351)
Abstract:
Many industrial firms in the United States, particularly the aerospace and automotive
industries, rely heavily on finite-element structural analysis. This project should
improve the returns on this investment by providing more accurate results and reduced
computing times. It is based on an approach called the integrated force method (IFM).
Like the standard force method, the IFM offers increased accuracy, especially in
stress calculations, but does not require selection of redundants. The present approach
uses a derivative of the IFM, called the dual-IFM. The dual formulation preserves
most of the benefits of the IFM within the context of a displacement-based, finite-element
computer program. This makes it possible to introduce new IFM elements into a code
like NASTRAN with minimal disruption, thus taking advantage of most of the existing
facilities of NASTRAN. Some preliminary results are available for simple plate bending
test problems. The discretization errors shown by the new elements are considerably
smaller than those produced by two established codes, ASKA and MSC/NASTRAN, by factors
of five or more.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: This development has potential for commercial
applications in the strong market for finite-element software.
Project Title:
Digital, Optical Phase-Lock-Loop for Non- Destructive Evaluation
04.06-0318
NAS1-19032
Digital, Optical Phase-Lock-Loop for Non- Destructive Evaluation
Systems & Processes Engineering Corp.
1406 Smith Road, Suite A
Austin, TX 78721
Gary B. McMillian
(512-385-0318)
Abstract:
The company has developed an innovative design for a digital, optical phase-lock-loop
(DOPLL) for measurement of strain, displacement, or vibration in non-destructive
evaluation applications. The technique offers a number of advantages over previous
analog phase-lock-loop designs. The digital system is capable of seeking multiple
lock-points under software control and successively refining the measurement precision
by seeking lock points at higher modulation frequencies. The digital system has a
broad operating bandwidth through use of a digital frequency synthesizer in place
of a bandwidth-limited voltage-controlled oscillator. The digital system is capable
of significantly faster operation, since the precise modulation frequency is known
at phase lock and no precision measurement is required to determine frequency. The
design is relatively insensitive to the path of the intensity-modulated light, and
a common DOPLL path length measurement system can be utilized with a number of sensor
types, each connected via fiber optics.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The DOPLL design can be utilized for non-destructive
evaluation and monitoring of aging aircraft structural integrity. The basic DOPLL
design also has applications in direction finding, beam steering, and communications.
Project Title:
Aircraft Health Monitoring System
04.06-0533
NAS1-19014
Aircraft Health Monitoring System
Innovative Dynamics
244 Langmuir Lab, Cornell Research Park
Ithaca, NY 14850-1296
Gail A. Hickman
(607-257-0533)
Abstract:
The company has developed a unique, thin-film sensor design that when integrated
with a structural member could detect fatigue cracks, corrosion, and ice accretion
as well as external pressure variations indicative of an impending wing stall. These
sensors and signal processing software can be integrated into an advanced health
monitoring system (HMS) to extend significantly the life span of the aging, commercial
aircraft fleet. Based on the concept of smart structures, the HMS is designed to
emulate the human nervous system. An array of sensors ("nerves") located throughout
the aircraft structure will be connected by a common data bus or network to a signal
processing chip ("brain"). The HMS will continuously scan sensor arrays integral
with the aircraft skin. By monitoring the structural vibration signatures induced
under normal aerodynamic loading, the HMS will determine structural abnormalities
through pattern recognition techniques. When an abnormality is detected, the system
will identify it, log the time and location, and issue a warning. This system has
the potential for lifetime monitoring of structural properties and providing real-time,
non-destructive evaluation in flight.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: In addition to extending the life of commercial
aircraft, this technology may also find application in monitoring strain in large
structures, such as buildings, ships, storage tanks, dams, bridges, and in monitoring
earthquakes.
Project Title:
Portable Spectroreflectometer
04.08-6381
NAS8-38463
Portable Spectroreflectometer
AZ Technology, Inc.
3322 Memorial Parkway, SW, Suite 93
Huntsville, AL 35801
Donald R. Wilkes
(205-880-7481)
Abstract:
Future space missions place stringent requirements on materials used on space vehicles.
The spectral reflectance properties of materials are critically important for controlling
manufacturing processes and assessing effects of exposure to ground handling and
the space environment. Current instruments for measuring spectral reflectance are
high-resolution laboratory devices that apply to small samples. In many applications,
it is undesirable or impossible to remove a small sample for laboratory evaluation.
The objective of this project is to develop the conceptual and functional design
for a portable spectroreflectometer to measure spectral reflectance of extended surfaces.
This instrument will use a prism monochrometer and an integrating sphere to provide
total hemispherical reflectance measurements from 0.25 to 2.5 m. Configurations will
be developed for a hand-held unit for both ground and space use and for a remotely
operated unit suitable for use on orbit with a remote manipulator system. (Note:
Phase I contract awarded to John M. Cockerham & Associates, Inc.)
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: This instrument could be applied in optical and
thermal surface process control; in-process monitoring; receiving and pre-flight
inspection; on-site evaluation of surfaces; materials R&D; and paint and surface
treatment development.
Project Title:
Process Control for Melt-Overflow, Rapid Solidification Technology
04.09-5444
NAS1-19019
Process Control for Melt-Overflow, Rapid
Solidification Technology
Ribbon Technology Corporation
P.O. Box 30758
Gahanna, OH 43230
Thomas Lease
(614-864-5444)
Abstract:
A promising new technique for directly casting rapidly solidified titanium alloy
ribbons for airframe honey-comb structures was developed by the company with NASA
support. The plasma-melt-overflow process combines transferred plasma-arc, skull-melting
techniques and melt-overflow, rapid-solidification technology to cast directly ribbons
and strip that are amenable to processing to foil gauges. In this project, the company
will control the as-cast strip's physical dimensions and increase the melt size through
four innovative techniques: redesign of the water-cooled, copper hearth used to contain
the liquid titanium; control of the hearth pouring rate; monitor and control the
hearth water-cooling system; and use metallic insulating mats between the titanium
skull and hearth as a barrier to heat transfer. If successful, these four techniques
will both increase the amount of liquid titanium that can be melted by the plasma-arc,
skull-melting process and improve the dimensional uniformity of the titanium alloy
ribbons cast by the melt-overflow, rapid-solidification process.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The ability to achieve direct-cast, thin metallic
strip or foils opens up a wide range of applications in the aerospace or commercial
industries which use advanced, light-alloy metallic structures.
Project Title:
A Mathematical Model To Investigate Undercutting and To Optimize Weld Quality
04.10-6576
NAS8-38447
A Mathematical Model To Investigate
Undercutting and To Optimize Weld Quality
CFD Research Corporation
3325-D Triana Boulevard
Huntsville, AL 35805
H. Q. Yang
(205-536-6576)
Abstract:
This project is aimed at providing plausible explanations for the undercutting feature
of welds. A mathematical model will be developed to simulate weld pool motion. Particular
emphasis will be placed on the variation of surface tension with temperature and
local concentrations of oxygen and other impurities that may diffuse to the weld
pool surface through shield gas. The spatial variation of concentration, which is
expected to be quite significant, will be properly accounted for. Such variation
has the potential of causing secondary eddies in the weld pool and, hence, the undercutting
feature on the surface. In Phase I, the model will be developed by adapting an existing
CFD code, and a parametric study will be performed to establish the proof-of-the-concept.
In Phase II, the adapted code will be improved, validated, and documented for use
in NASA and the welding industry.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The mathematical model and computer code could
become an industry standard for optimization of weld conditions and parameters. Such
a capability is crucial for the success of automation of welding processes.
Project Title:
Macro- and Task-Level Programming of Arc Welding Robots for Aerospace Applications
04.10-7900
NAS8-38448
Macro- and Task-Level Programming of Arc
Welding Robots for Aerospace Applications
Automatix, Inc.
755 Middlesex Turnpike
Billerica, MA 01821
John E. Agapakis
(508-667-7900)
Abstract:
The goal of the overall project is an innovative programming environment for the
next generation of advanced welding robot controllers. This environment will incorporate
macro-level programming, icons for user interfaces, graphical simulation, and, possibly,
elements of task-level programming, e.g. automatic path planning and weld sequence
optimization. Macro-level programming, aspects of which will be considered in Phase
I, refers to the generation of complex part programs from primitives which encapsulate
all the required motions and operations needed to weld generic classes of parts,
components, or joints. Such developments could significantly improve productivity
and consistency of teaching welding robot programs and impact the cost and reliability
of robotic welding in aerospace application. Phase I tasks include: a brief review
of related work, analysis of welding requirements for aerospace fabrication, preliminary
design of the advanced programming environment, and evaluation of macro-level programming
approaches. The feasibility of the proposed schemes will be examined, needs for future
research will be identified, and the Phase II effort will be planned.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Advanced welding robot controllers may benefit
commercial low-volume/small-batch robotic welding applications.
Project Title:
New Perfluoropolyether Elastomers for Low- and High-Temperatures
04.11-3812
NAS5-30809
New Perfluoropolyether Elastomers for Low- and
High-Temperatures
Exfluor Research Corporation
P.O. Box 7807
Austin, TX 78713-7807
Hajimu Kawa
(512-454-3812)
Abstract:
The company has developed a technology to fluorinate high-molecular-weight hydrocarbon
polyethers. A wide variety of perfluoroalkylether elastomeric polymers exhibiting
excellent low-temperature flexibility have been prepared. Some of those perfluoropolyether
elastomers were found to have glass transition temperatures as low as -100oC. However,
none of those polymers has the good processability required in commercial applications.
Perfluorinated polymers have such low molecular interactions that they do not stick
together very well like most hydrocarbon and partially fluorinated polymers do. The
lack of reactive sites in those perfluoropolyether elastomers makes it impossible
chemically to cross-link the polymers. Efforts will be made to solve the above processability
problems by introducing some functionality into perfluoropolyether elastomers using
recently developed fluorination techniques. The physical properties of the polymers
will be studied by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Elastomeric polymers based on perfluoropolyether
structures that are capable of retaining their elasticity at low temperatures (-100C)
while exhibiting oxidative and thermal stability at high temperatures (400C) could
solve many materials problems and be fabricated into O-rings and other seals.
Project Title:
Improved Electro-Rheological Fluids for Lubricant Viscosity Control
04.11-5911
NAS5-30858
Improved Electro-Rheological Fluids for
Lubricant Viscosity Control
Cape Cod Research, Inc.
P.O. Box 600
Buzzards Bay, MA 02532
Francis Keohan
(508-759-5911)
Abstract:
The company will produce novel, structured copolymer material that promises to advance
the state of electro-rheological (ER) fluid technology. The new system will provide
the electro-vicous response of conventional ER fluids without their temperature sensitivity
and physical instability. The new ER fluids will give controllable lubricant properties
over a broad temperature range, will have outstanding mechanical stability, and will
be non-corrosive to metal parts. This fundamentally different approach to controlling
rheological properties will represent a significant step in the commercialization
of ER lubricants.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The proposed ER fluid technology could have wide
applications in the lubrication and hydraulic processes of future spacecraft, aircraft,
automobiles, heavy machinery and robotic systems. The commercial potential for effective
ER fluids is evidenced by the high level of industrial R&D currently underway.
Project Title:
A Composite Material Flywheel for Energy Storage
04.11-7412
NAS5-30855
A Composite Material Flywheel for Energy
Storage
FARE, Inc.
4716 Pontiac Street, #304
College Park, MD 20740
Douglas M. Ries
(301-982-2093)
Abstract:
An innovative composite-material flywheel design suited for the GSFC/UOM, magnetically
suspended, energy-storage flywheel rotor will be developed. The rotor is an interference-assembled
(i.e. prestressed) collection of composite-material, thin rings that, when assembled
together, collectively form a thick ring flywheel rotor. There are no spokes or stress
concentration geometries on this rotor, and, with proper design, the specific energy
densities of the rotor can approach their theoretical design limit. The rotor can
operate reliably with minimum containment. Rotor stresses will be computed, and performance
will be optimized. Fabrication methodologies and composite-material properties will
be investigated with the end objective of selecting the most suitable materials and
fabrication method to prepare and cure the composite rotor.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Applications of high-strength, fatigue-resistant
composites include flywheels for space energy storage and attitude control and ultra-high-strength,
high-reliability pressure vessels and missile casings.
Project Title:
Miniature, Thin-Film Deposition System
04.12-2332
NAS7-1079
Miniature, Thin-Film Deposition System
ISM Technologies, Inc.
9965 Carroll Canyon Road
San Diego, CA 92131
James R. Treglio
(619-530-2332)
Abstract:
NASA's CRAF probe will be using a scanning electron microscope for analysis of the
dust from comets. As the dust is not likely to be conducting, some means must be
found to apply thin films (20 nanometers) to the surfaces of micron-sized dust particles
without heating them excessively. The firm will adapt its patented MicroMEVVA, a
miniature metal-ion source, to produce a metal-ion plasma and directly deposit thin
films of conducting metals onto dust particles. The MicroMEVVA is particularly suited
to the space application because it requires no carrier gas, works with many stable
metals, does not require heating of the surface to be coated to achieve good adhesion,
and has no moving parts. In addition, it has already been tested in a three inch
size, so it is readily miniaturized for this mission. A wide variety of metals can
he deposited, including the noble metals such as platinum and rhodium.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: A small deposition source could be used for coating
complex surfaces that cannot be reached by conventional systems and as an ion source,
allowing ion implantation of complex shapes and interior surfaces as well. A large
array of small sources could serve to replace a single, larger source for treating
fibers and other objects.
Project Title:
New Fabrication Methods for Dimensionally Stable, Graphite-Magnesium Space Structures
04.13-8044
NAS9-18313
New Fabrication Methods for Dimensionally
Stable, Graphite-Magnesium Space Structures
Cordec Corporation
8270-B Cinder Bed Road -- P.O. Box 188
Lorton, VA 22079-0188
Raymond J. Weimer
(703-550-8044)
Abstract:
In fabricating thin-gauge graphite in magnesium composites, the firm has produced
the first such material to have a zero coefficient of thermal expansion and no perceptible
dimensional hysteresis during cycling over the entire orbital temperature range of
-250oF to +250oF even after 100 cycles. Coupled with density of less than 2 grams
per cubic centimeter, a tensile strength over 70 ksi, and a Young's modulus over
50 Msi, this thermal expansion behavior makes the material extremely attractive for
large, orbiting space structures. This project seeks to develop techniques for fabricating
thin-gauge, net-shape components in complex geometries and facilitating joining into
such structures. Phase I will establish feasibility of using a novel isostatic pressurization
system to mold such components; Phase II would develop full-scale prototype components
for evaluation.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: These new graphite-in-magnesium composites are
well-suited for many anticipated structural applications in space stations, antennas,
vehicles, and platforms.
Project Title:
Magnetostrictive, Active-Member Control of Space Structures
04.14-0540
NAS7-1091
Magnetostrictive, Active-Member Control of
Space Structures
Satcon Technology Corporation
12 Emily Street
Cambridge, MA 02139-4507
Bruce G. Johnson
(617-661-0540)
Abstract:
Large space structures--characterized by low natural frequencies, lightly damped
structural modes, and stringent shape control requirements--pose unique and difficult
control problems. One promising approach uses active truss members that incorporate
sensors and actuators and allow both closed-loop control of the space structure shape
and suppression of unwanted structural vibrations. In the past, these active truss
members have incorporated piezoelectric or electrodynamic actuators. Recent developments
in magnetostrictive materials, however, offer the opportunity for increased strain,
increased power density, and decreased hysteresis compared to piezoelectric materials.
For example, maximum strains and power densities can be over an order of magnitude
higher than for piezoelectric materials. Innovations are needed, however, to integrate
these high-performance magnetostrictive materials into active truss members. This
effort will develop advanced active truss members based on magnetostrictive materials
including the associated sensors and controller.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Active structure control could be applied in vibration
absorption, vibration isolation, and noise control for inertial instrument test tables,
crystal growing, optical test benches, and vibration reduction in large mechanical
systems.
Project Title:
Direct Measurement of Bolt Tension Utilizing Magnetostriction
04.15-0540
NAS9-18331
Direct Measurement of Bolt Tension Utilizing
Magnetostriction
Satcon Technology Corporation
12 Emily Street
Cambridge, MA 02139-4507
James H. Goldie
(617-661-0540)
Abstract:
A new method for measuring bolt tension directly exploits the relationship between
stress and magnetic flux density in magnetostrictive materials. A conventional washer
is either replaced or supplemented by a washer made from a magnetostrictive alloy.
A wrench modified to include a Hall-effect probe and a permanent magnet is utilized
to monitor the change in magnetic flux due to compression of the washer. This represents
an improvement over current techniques in that the compressive force on the washer
is a direct measure of the tension in the bolt. Consequently, calibration to account
for bolt parameters such as length, stressed length, diameter, velocity of sound,
tensile stiffness, and surface characteristics is not necessary. The objective of
Phase I is to determine the feasibility of this approach and to develop a optimal
configuration. The anticipated result is a bolt tension measurement technique which
is easy to use, accurate, and applicable to all joint configurations and bolt types
and that does not require bolt preparation or calibration on an individual basis.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: The result would be applicable to all equipment
containing critical or remote bolt joints, such as aircraft and undersea vehicles.
In addition, there are important applications in automated assembly and robotics.
Project Title:
A Whisker-Reinforced, High-Temperature Structural Insulation
04.15-1980
NAS9-18318
A Whisker-Reinforced, High-Temperature
Structural Insulation
Materials and Electrochemical Research
7960 S Kolb Road
Tucson, AZ 85706
J. C. Withers
(602-574-1980)
Abstract:
New, unique high-temperature ceramic matrix composites with low thermal conductivity,
high strength, and thermochemical stability to 5000oF are prerequisite to significant
advances in heat-shield technology. Available heat shields, including carbon phenolics
and the recently developed reusable surface insulation, have a temperature capability
limited to about 2500oF. Both of these heat shield insulators have extremely low
mechanical properties. Some ceramic oxides have thermochemical stability to temperatures
in the range of 5000F. Such compositions coupled with selected advanced whisker reinforcements
offer the potential for ceramic composites with ultra-high-temperature structural
and insulative properties that have not heretofore been achieved. Sol-gel technology
coupled with a plasma sintering technique produces a porous yet well-bonded composite
that has very low thermal conductivity with good structural strength. This project
will fabricate new and unique zirconia-matrix-based composites with whisker reinforcements
and evaluate thermal and mechanical properties for the development of a load-bearing
heat shield for use at 5000oF.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: A high-temperature structural insulation would
have commercial applications as thermal barrier coatings in gas turbine engines,
spark ignition and diesel engines, furnace insulation, etc.
Project Title:
Protective Coatings for Components Used in Space
04.15-5301
NAS9-18301
Protective Coatings for Components Used in
Space
Advanced Diversified Technology, Inc.
5965 Pacific Center Boulevard, Suite 715
San Diego, CA 92121
Charles Y. Lin
(619-455-5301)
Abstract:
In low earth orbit, surface materials of the space transportation system and space
station are subjected to deleterious environmental factors. This project investigates
two new inorganic oxide polymers (invented by the principal investigator) as protective
coverings for components used in space. After application and curing, these polymers
form covalent bonds to metal and non-metal surfaces. The final coatings are non-permeable
to corrosive gases; resist oxidation, erosion, and high-temperatures; and they are
relatively low in cost. In Phase I, various substrate coupons commonly used for
components in the space industry will be coated with these polymers for preliminary
testings of the surface properties. In Phase II work will further characterize these
coatings and various means of surface applications by simulated and real environmental
testing.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Economical, versatile, and high quality protective
coatings are needed in almost all industries with product lines ranging from common
household products to high-tech components.
Project Title:
Atomic-Layer CVD of Yttrium-Barium-Cuprate Over a Low-Dielectric Substrate
04.16-4995
NAS7-1094
Atomic-Layer CVD of Yttrium-Barium-Cuprate
Over a Low-Dielectric Substrate
APA Optics, Inc.
2950 N.E. 84th Lane
Blaine, MN 55434
M. Asif Khan
(612-784-4995)
Abstract:
Atomic-layer chemical vapor deposition (CVD) will be used to apply high-Tc, YBaCuO
layers over a composite AlxGa1-xAs/AlxGa1-xN/sapphire substrate. The unique atomic
layer process is expected to reduce the epitaxy temperature well below that required
for conventional metallo-organic CVD and thus eliminate the need for a post-deposition
anneal. The substrate stack is also unique. It has a dielectric constant much lower
and thermal conductivity and mechanical strength much superior to GaAs. Utilizing
the firm's work on high-Tc superconductor deposition and single crystal, multilayer
AlxGa1-xAs/AlxGa1-xN depositions over sapphire substrates, the Phase I effort will
lead to a multilayer stack well suited for fabrication of high-frequency, low-loss
MMIC circuits with superconductor electrodes. The resulting films will be characterized
for their superconducting transition temperatures. Phase II will focus on the fabrication
of integrated MMIC devices.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: This project could yield several high-performance
sensor and
MMIC devices for applications in NASA and commercial communication systems.
Project Title:
In-Situ Thallium Films by Laser Ablation
04.16-7646A
NAS7-1090
In-Situ Thallium Films by Laser Ablation
Superconductor Technologies, Inc.
460 Ward Drive, Suite F
Santa Barbara, CA 93111-2310
J. L. Nilsson
(805-683-7646)
Abstract:
It is generally accepted that the best high-temperature superconducting films will
be epitaxially grown on single crystal substrates using vapor-phase deposition techniques.
The highest quality films of YBCuO have been produced using vapor-phase deposition,
but the best films in the thallium system have been produced via post-deposition
annealing. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated that it is possible to grow
at least one phase of the thallium family (1122) on a single crystal substrate that
is microwave compatible by laser ablation in the presence of active oxygen. This
project addresses two problems facing the successful growth of thallium films via
vapor deposition techniques. These films should have far superior properties to those
films produced by post deposition annealing. Innovative techniques to control both
oxygen activity and thallium volatility will be tested in Phase I to prove feasibility.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Single crystal films are expected to exhibit much
lower microwave loss and much lower surface resistance, making possible the commercialization
of these materials in microwave components and subsystems.
Project Title:
High-Field, High-Tc Superconducting Magnets
04.17-1167
NAS1-19012
High-Field, High-Tc Superconducting Magnets
Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc.
44 Hunt Street
Watertown, MA 02172
Michael R. Squillante
(617-926-1167)
Abstract:
The discovery of superconductivity at high temperatures (90K) in copper-containing
ceramics has resulted in the rapid acceleration of research directed toward producing
and examining new compounds both to improve performance characteristics and to understand
better the phenomenon. Realization of the potential commercial benefits of this new
discovery depends as much on advances in production technology as on materials research.
Many applications for high-Tc superconductors, including magnets, need large-area
films and tapes. However, many of the processes for making superconductors are limited
to expensive, small-scale, laboratory techniques. This project will investigate the
use of a proven, low-cost process--chemical spray pyrolysis--to deposit large-area
superconductor films. This innovative technique is versatile and should allow for
rapid improvements in the electrical, magnetic, and mechanical properties. This project
demonstrate the feasibility of depositing large-area, high-quality films of Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3O10
superconductors using spray pyrolysis. This technique will be studied with the specific
goal of developing a high-field superconducting electromagnet.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: A practical fabrication process for high-Tc superconductors
could enable usage for magnets, very-high-speed switching, microwave waveguides,
homopolar generators, EMI shielding, and hybrid superconductor/semiconductor devices.
Project Title:
Novel Process for Thin-Film Growth of Yttrium-Barium-Cuprate
04.17-2681
NAS3-25868
Novel Process for Thin-Film Growth of Yttrium-Barium-Cuprate
Advanced Technology Materials, Inc.
520-B Danbury Road
New Milford, CT 06776
Peter S. Kirlin
(203-355-2681)
Abstract:
Realization of the performance advantages of high-Tc, superconducting devices in
high-frequency communications depends on the development of a low-temperature deposition
process with exacting control of stoichiometry and morphology. Metallo-organic chemical
vapor deposition (MOCVD) can meet these needs; however, recent work by the company
shows that films of YBaCuO and BiSrCaCuO grown by MOCVD at temperatures less than
800oC are amorphous mixtures of oxides, with a cauliflower-like morphology indicative
of low-surface-mobility growth. Surface mobilities can be enhanced through the use
of a plasma. At 600oC, a 50 eV oxygen ion beam oxidized BaF2 to BaO which suggests
that plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) will effect growth of superconducting
thin films with the existing reagents at 600oC or below. Phase I will demonstrate
the growth of in-situ superconducting thin films with PECVD. Phase II will focus
on process optimization through the correlation of plasma properties with the high-temperature,
superconducting thin-film characteristics. This will allow a Phase III scale-up of
the PECVD process to multi-wafer production.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Applications are expected in the fabrication of
passive, high-frequency devices which have the potential to enhance the bandwidth
and range of NASA's next generation of deep-space and satellite communication systems.
Project Title:
Microwave-Compatible, High-Tc Superconducting Films on Sapphire Substrates
04.17-2694
NAS3-25869
Microwave-Compatible, High-Tc Superconducting
Films on Sapphire Substrates
Neocera Associates, Inc.
100 Jersey Avenue, Building D, Box D-12
New Brunswick, NJ 08901
Roger Edwards
(908-220-9149)
Abstract:
Among the potential applications of the new high-temperature ceramic superconductors
are microwave devices for communications applications. Fabrication of such devices
will require well-controlled techniques for preparing thin films of the materials
on substrates having low microwave losses such as single-crystal alumina (sapphire).
The innovative feature of this project will be to form high-temperature superconductor
films on sapphire with a buffer layer interposed between the substrate and film to
alleviate interface problems such as chemical interactions and thermal expansion
mismatch. To promote well-ordered crystal growth of the superconductor layer, the
buffer layer must be deposited epitaxially on the substrate, and close crystal-lattice
matching between the buffer material and substrate are required. Several materials--including
ZrO2, LaGaO3 and LaAlO3--will be investigated for their suitability as buffer layers,
and double-layer buffers will also be considered as a means of satisfying the different
requirements. The effort emphasizes the use of a single technique, pulsed laser deposition,
for forming both the buffer layers and the superconductor films.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Microwave device applications which could benefit
from the availability of high-Tc films on sapphire substrates include passive components
such as resonators, filters, and striplines and active detectors and mixers based
on Josephson tunneling phenomena.
Project Title:
Ultra-Rapid, Textured Growth of Yttrium-Barium-Cuprate Filaments for Composite HTSC
04.17-3422A
NAS3-25876
Ultra-Rapid, Textured Growth of Yttrium-Barium-Cuprate Filaments for Composite HTSC
Wire
CPS Superconductor Corp.
155 Fortune Boulevard
Milford, MA 01757
John W. Halloran
(508-634-3422)
Abstract:
A process will be developed for manufacturing continuous, multi-filamentary HTSC
wire with high critical current using an innovative, ultra-rapid, textured-growth
process. This process is based on experiments showing locally oriented growth of
Y-123 by metastable congruent melting and solidification during two-second rapid
anneals. This method will be developed for processing continuous Y-123 fibers for
multi-filamentary composite wire.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Applications for multi-filamentary HTSC wire could
be in magnets, motors, bearings, and power transmission.
Project Title:
Increasing Critical Current Densities in High-Tc Superconductors
04.17-5634
NAS8-38464
Increasing Critical Current Densities in High-Tc
Superconductors
Castle Technology Corp.
262 West Cummings Park
Woburn, MA 01801
J. Paul Pemsler
Abstract:
(Last Known Address)
Recent excitement over advances in high-temperature superconductivity has been tempered
by the difficult problems that need to be solved before practical use can be made
of these discoveries. Foremost among these problems, and the one which is addressed
in this project, is the ability to achieve adequate current densities in moderate
magnetic fields in the high-Tc materials. The major source of the "weak-link" behavior
in polycrystalline materials is poor inter-grain contacts. This project seeks largely
eliminate these weak-link, inter-grain contacts by producing a novel morphology wherein
the grain-boundary composition is modified by the presence of nanometer-thick films
of silver.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Success in improving critical current densities
for high-Tc superconductors, would enhance their use in smaller, faster computers,
magnetic levitation for transportation, improved magnetohydrodynamic energy generators,
large scale (>1000 hp) electric motors, fusion reactors, medical imaging systems,
and electric power transmission.
Project Title:
Production of Oxygen by Electrolysis of Lunar Soil in Molten Salt
04.18-3260A
NAS9-18315
Production of Oxygen by Electrolysis of Lunar
Soil in Molten Salt
EMEC Consultants
R.D. 3, Roundtop Road
Export, PA 15632
Rudolf Keller
(412-325-3260)
Abstract:
Costs for missions in space may be reduced significantly by utilizing lunar resources,
particularly oxygen. This project will investigate electrolytic production of oxygen
from molten salt. This process would use lunar soil with minimum or no beneficiation
and not produce any waste. A metal alloy would be obtained as a useful byproduct.
Trouble-free cathodic deposition, recovery of the metal components, minimal electrolyte
losses, and sufficient stability of anodes are major prerequisites for the process
to be viable. In Phase I, the cathodic deposition of the metal components of lunar
soil will be studied. Experimentation will be conducted with Carlton Peak anorthosite
and University of Minnesota MLS-1 to simulate lunar soil. While mainly carbon anodes
will be employed in Phase I, electrolysis with oxygen-evolving anodes would be studied
in Phase II, introducing a wide range of feed material compositions. Phase II will
also include work on the recovery of lithium from the cathode product.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Potential terrestrial spin-offs are the technology
for the processing of fly-ash and unconventional ores.
Project Title:
Feasibility Study for Lunar Cement Production
04.18-7500
NAS9-18312
Feasibility Study for Lunar Cement Production
Construction Technology Laboratories
5420 Old Orchard Road
Skokie, IL 60077
T. D. Lin
(312-965-7500)
Abstract:
Man-made bases on the moon will require structures capable of resisting a differential
pressure of one atmosphere as well as solar wind and radiation. Small structures
may be prefabricated on earth and transported to the moon. However, large structures
must be constructed using lunar materials. A potential material for such construction
is concrete made from lunar materials. Concrete is basically a mixture of cement,
water and aggregate. It has been shown that lunar soils can be used as aggregate
and that oxygen to produce water can be extracted from lunar ilmenite. The only terrestrial
substance needed for making concrete on the moon is hydrogen of which about 5 oz.
is required for 100 lbs. concrete. Possible methods for producing cement materials
from lunar anorthite and other lunar materials such as glasses will be explored.
Use of ultra-high-heat-flux, solar-energy-concentrator optics recently developed
at the University of Chicago will be considered as a possible mechanism to provide
heat for pyro-processing the candidate lunar materials.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Possible spin-offs could be the replacement of
current rotary kilns with the ultra-high flux solar energy concentrators to save
fossil fuel and minimize air pollution.
Project Title:
Wavelength-Diplexed, Fiber-Coupled, Coherent Laser Radar Measurement System
05.01-9200
NAS1-19020
Wavelength-Diplexed, Fiber-Coupled, Coherent
Laser Radar Measurement System
Digital Signal Corporation
8003 Forbes Place
Springfield, VA 22151
Anthony R. Slotwinski
(703-321-9200)
Abstract:
Fiber-coupled proximity sensors with high speed and accuracy are needed for robotic
end effectors and automated inspection and quality control. This project will demonstrate
a novel, robust, integrated sensor concept with multiple sensor capability. Fiber-optic
sensors have geometric flexibility. Phase-modulated, interferometric-type sensors
have high sensitivity as well. However, due to the sensitivity of conventional, single-mode
fibers to environmental perturbations, polarization fading and drift are limiting
factors. The Phase I effort is to design and demonstrate a wavelength-diplexed, fiber-optic
measurement system that utilizes both a multi-mode laser radar and a frequency-modulated
laser radar in a coherent detection configuration that eliminates the problem of
environmental perturbations. The proposed design has the flexibility to multiplex
a number of miniature sensors mounted on robotic end effectors and tools to measure
proximity, tactile pressure (touch), force, and torque.
Potential Commercial Application:
Potential Commercial Applications: Potential applications would be in factory automation,
telerobotics, machine tools, robotic sensors, process control, and non-contact sensing
and gauging.
Project Title:
Identifying, Locating, and Tracking Objects by Detecting Pre-Affixed Colored Targets
05.01-9355
NAS1-19005
Identifying, Locating, and Tracking Objects by
Detecting Pre-Affixed Colored Targets
American Innovision, Inc.
9581 Ridgehaven Court
San Diego, CA 92123-1624
Jose R. Torre-Bueno
(619-560-9355)
Abstract: