NASA 1985 SBIR Phase 1 Solicitation

Project Title:

Optimum Duct Design Using An Efficient Three-Dimensional Viscous Computation

01.01-0333
Optimum Duct Design Using An Efficient Three-Dimensional Viscous Computation
Scientific Research Associates, Inc.
P.O. Box 498
Glastonbury
CT
06033
Levy
Ralph
24853
49,856
LeRC

Abstract:

Proper duct design is a fundamental engineering problem which can have a major impact
upon component efficiency.  Current aerospace applications, which place a premium
on compact design and closely fit components, often exacerbate this problem.  Examples
are ducts associated with inlets and nozzles as well as transition ducts between
engine components.  At present technology is available to compute the three-dimensional
viscous flow in ducts when the duct flow conditions and geometry are specified. 
Technology also is available to optimize solutions to problems subject to specified
constraints.  An efficient, validated three-dimensional viscous flow analysis, PEPSIG,
is combined with a constrained optimization procedure to provide the aerospace design
and development community with a powerful new tool to aid in the design of aerodynamic
ducts.  The feasibility of the optimization technique is demonstrated by designing
an optimum duct for a realistic aerospace engineering problem.  A Phase II project
would fully automate the code and use it to design a series of "optimum ducts". 
Eventual development of this procedure would provide a powerful tool for aerospace
design and development.  It is believed that this procedure would provide a significant
improvement in aerodynamic efficiency for new and redesigned aerospace sytems.  Because
the procedure would be fully automated, it would also provide a savings in man hours
in the design process and shorten required design lead times.

Project Title:

Numerical Simulation of the Inlet Buzz Problem by Solution of the Time Dependent

01.01-0333B
Numerical Simulation of the Inlet Buzz Problem by Solution of the Time Dependent
Navier-Stokes Equations
Scientific Research Associates, Inc.
P.O. Box 498
Glastonbury
CT
06033
Buggeln
Richard C.
24851
49,879
LeRC

Abstract:

Simulation of the entire external compression inlet flow field is accomplished via
the three-dimensional, time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations.  This single set of
governing equations includes details of the wall viscous region as well as both steady
state and time dependent shock wave - boundary layer interactions.  Inclusion of
a time-dependent capability allows application to the inlet buzz problem.   Using
different approximate equations in different portions of the flow field requires
that they then joined through a set of matching conditions.  Therefore, the Navier-Stokes
simulation provides a more powerful tool than previously exist for the external compression
inlet problem.  In addition, being general, this same approach can be used for both
mixed and internal compression inlets.  A general three-dimensional code is applicable
to this problem and a demonstration two-dimensional calculation can run.  The procedure's
capability has been compared with existing data.

Project Title:

Adaptive Computational Methods for Fluid Structure Interation in Internal Flows

01.01-0618
Adaptive Computational Methods for Fluid Structure Interation in Internal Flows
Computational Mechanics Company
4804 Avenue H.
Austin
Texas
7875l
Bass
John M.
24849
50,000
LeRC

Abstract:

Super accurate adaptive computational schemes for the analysis of fluid structure
interaction and complex three-dimensional internal flows are to be developed.  New
Petrov-Galerkin finite element methods for solving the Navier-Stokes equations, coupled
with the equations of motion of elastic ducts and manifolds, are to be developed
and used to simulate flows in aerospace propulsion systems (such as the SSME).  An
arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation of the equations of fluid and solid motion
and interaction is to be derived using optimal characteristic Petrov-Galerkin schemes
and adaptive mesh strategies.  A-posteriori error estimates are to be derived and
used as a basis for h-or p-adaptive refinement.  Test codes are to be developed and
used to test computational strategies on representative test cases.  The associated
algorithms are to be vectorized and are to exploit the latest developments in computer
architecture with regard to vector-and parallel-processing strategies.

Project Title:

Fuel Atomization and Air-Fuel Interactins in a Turbulent Environment

01.01-8887
Fuel Atomization and Air-Fuel Interactins in a Turbulent Environment
Aerometrics, Inc.
P.O. BOX 308
Mountain View
CA
94042
Bachalo
William D.
24844
Ammount:
LeRC

Abstract:

Experimental investigations on fuel atomization and air-fuel interactions in a turbulent
environment have been conducted. The two basic areas of research addressed are: 
cold flow spray characterizations in a turbulent flow field with and without evaporation
and drop drag determinations within a polydispersion.  Detailed spray drop size and
velocitv and gaseous flow turbulence measurements can be made with the Two-Component
Phase/Doppler Particle Analyzer, P/DPA.  Measurments of the drop size and velocity
distributions and two components of mean velocity, turbulence intensity and Reynolds
shear stress for the air flow have been obtained.
	Because of the importance of the droplet drag coefficient to the computational efforts,
a series of experiments have been conducted to measure this parameter, as well as
the effects of drop-drop interactions on the drag coefficients.  Drag determinations
can be made by injecting nonodispersed and polydispersed sprays into an uniform crossflow
and measuring the drop size and velocity at a number of downstream locations.

Project Title:

The Application of Cast SiC/Al to Rotary Engine Components

01.02-8402
The Application of Cast SiC/Al to Rotary Engine Components
Santech, Inc.
8205 Harwood Avenue, N.E.
Albuquerque
NM
87110
Stoller
H. M.
24847
50,000
LeRC

Abstract:

A number of technologies have been identified as critical to achieving the objectives
of the advanced rotary combination engine program.  Among these are a higher hot
strength aluminum alloy, a light-weight rotor, and alternate apex seal/trochoid coating
materials.
	A new metal matrix composite, a cast silicon carbide/aluminum which is fabricated
utilizing conventional foundry processes, has many characteristics that make it a
desirable materials candidate for the applications.  Relative to the base aluminum
alloy, specific stiffness and specific strength increases of 70 percent and 30 percent,
respectively, can be obtained.  An operations temperature of 550=F may be possible.
 Fatigue resistance is equivalent to stainless steel and wear resistance is enhanced.
Thermal expansion is reduced which should increase compatibility with housing coatings.
	Preliminary tests on the mechanical and thermal properties have been conducted on
SiC/Al composites utilizing casting alloys of interest to the rotary engine program.
 Possible rotary engine component applications have been evaluated and compared with
baseline materials.  A study of the compatibility of improved coatings with the SiC/Al
material has also been conducted.

Project Title:

Nonlinear Control Design for Turbofan Jet Engines

01.03-6364
Nonlinear Control Design for Turbofan Jet Engines
Scientific Systems, Inc.
54 Cambridgepark Drive
Cambridge
MA
02140
Mehra
Raman/razavi, H.
24845
49,991
LeRC

Abstract:

Control design for tubofan jet engines is currently based on linearized models valid
around steady state operating conditions.  The engine dynamics is highly nonlinear
and under many conditions, such as stall, the linear control designs are inadequate.
 Two nonlinear control design techniques which have proved successful in solving
aircraft nonlinear flight control problems have been examined to determine their
applicability to two engine control problems viz. unstalled state control and stalled
state control.  Phase I of proposed viz. unstalled state control and stalled state
selection and demonstration to applying one of the techniques to a control problem
with high potential payoff.

Project Title:

Non-Contact, High-Temperature Strain Gage

01.03-7670
Non-Contact, High-Temperature Strain Gage
Optra, Inc.
West Peabody Office Park
83 Pine Street
Peabody
MA
01960
Hercher
Michael
24848
49,147
LeRC

Abstract:

OPTRA has recently developed an optical technique, involving the use of a 2-frequency
HeNe laser, for making precise non-contact measurements of the transverse motions
of diffuse surfaces.  OPTRA will apply this technique to the measurement of the extension,
under applied load, of samples at high temperature.  The technique is particularly
attrative because (1)  it requires no contact whatsoever with the specimen, (2) 
it is insensitive to the radiation emitted by incandescent surfaces, and (3)  it
provides for a practical working distance (the separation between the specimen consists
of a 2-frequency HeNe laser, and electronic phasemeter, an extensometer measurement
head, and a PC for data handling and output formatting.

Project Title:

Intercooling and Reheat with Heat Pipes

01.06-0999
Intercooling and Reheat with Heat Pipes
CCS Associates
P.O. Box 563
Bethel Park
PA
15102
Silverstein
Calvin C.
24850
52,576
LeRC

Abstract:

Aircraft gas turbine performance is improved by using heat pipe heat exchangers to
accomplish multiple intercooling and reheat.  The heat exchangers are incorporated
into the compressor and turbine casings.
	Conceptual design studies of integral multiple intercooling compressors and integral
multiple reheat turbines, have been conducted, the effect of this equipment on efficiency
efficiency and air rate, has been determined, research and development needs have
been identified.  These results establish the extent to which isothermal compression
and expansion can be approximated in aircraft gas turbines, and the performance gains
to be expected.

Project Title:

Detonation Wave Compression in Gas Turbines

01.06-7332
Detonation Wave Compression in Gas Turbines
Istar Inc.
406 Alta Ave.
Santa Monica
CA 
90402
Wortman
A.
24854
49,985
LeRC

Abstract:

Employing detonation wave compression in gas turbines is an effective way to reduce
compressor requirements and specific fuel consumption while significantly increasing
the thrust coefficient.  Preliminary studies had indicated the possibility of a 5O%
reduction in fuel consumption with an order of magnitude increase in thrust coefficients.
 Comprehensive parametric studies of optimum and off design performance of gas turbines
operated as jet engines, turbofans or shaft power devices have been conducted.  Current
configurations split the flow into combustor and detonation duct components with
the latter having transverse transient detonation waves whose frequency is estimated
theoretically and checked experimentally in a test rig. Recombination of the two
streams can be considered for a range of systems, including ejectors, Comprex-type
devices and shock waves.  Final report will summarize the theoretical studies, parametric
analyses and will outline a project for a proof of concept.

Project Title:

Formation and Quenching of Electronically Excited Molecules Surfaces

02.01-2145
Formation and Quenching of Electronically Excited Molecules Surfaces
Chemical Dynamics Corporation
1550 West Henderson Road
Columbus
OH
43220
Swaminathan
P. K.
12356
50,000
ARC

Abstract:

The dynamics of electronic excitation or quenching of molecules on solid surfaces
and in solution have been treated with a general and powerful semiclassical formalism,
the Self-Consistent Eikonal Method.  This is a new theoretical approach designed
to treat combined electronic and nuclear motions responsible for electronic relaxation.
 The condensed-phase many-body problem is described by stochastic heat-bath modeling
using the Generalized Langevin Equation.  After investigating the theoretical merging
of these concepts the formal framework and computational aspects were systematically
analized.  This method has provided the solution of problems involving electronic
inelasticities that couple to the nuclear motions and the condensed-phase phonon
manifold and the prediction of mechanisms and rates for the elementary processes
involved.  Applications to the formation and quenching of electronically excited
N2 and O2  on spacecraft surfaces are anticipated.

Project Title:

Fast Two-Dimensional Euler Solver

02.01-8450
Fast Two-Dimensional Euler Solver
G.M.A.F., Inc.
P.O. Box 184
Freeport
NY
11520
Moretti
Gino
12355
49,925
ARC

Abstract:

Codes have been written for a fast evaluation of steady, compressible two-dimensional,
inviscid flows, either subsonic or transonic, with or without bow shocks and imbedded
shocks.  The computational speed is provided by a novel sweeping technique, based
on the "lambda" integration scheme.  The concept has already been successfully applied
to one-dimensional problems.  Applications can be made to flows inducts, airfoils
and blunt bodies in supersonic flight.

Project Title:

Cost Effective Use of Liquid Nitrogen in Cryogenic Wind Tunnels

02.02-2796A
Cost Effective Use of Liquid Nitrogen in Cryogenic Wind Tunnels
Cryolab, Inc.
4175 Santa Fe Road
San Luis Obispo
CA
93401
Mcintosh
Glen E.
18216
49,489
LaRC

Abstract:

Liquid nitrogen usage in cryogenic wind tunnels can be reduced by partial reliquefaction
of cold elevated pressure vent gas and by design of and efficient supply system.
 Use of an innovated positive displacement expander, the Turgine, offers promise
of reliquefying approximately 20 percent of wind tunnel cold vent gas without significant
power input with low capital investment. The Turgine has been adapted for low temperature
service, and state-of-the-art cryogenic technology has been used to design an optimum
wind tunnel liquid nitrogen supply system and to reduce it to practice by making
specific recommendations for upgrading the 0.3m cryogenic tunnel at Nasa Langley
Research Center.

Project Title:

An Optical Detector for High Sensitivity Density Measurements

02.02-8477A
An Optical Detector for High Sensitivity Density Measurements
Spectron Development Laboratories, Inc.
3303 Harbor Blvd., Suite G-3
Costa Mesa
CA
92626
Modarress
Dariush
18207
49,896
LaRC

Abstract:

The probing of boundary layer, wakes, and separated flows with physical probes almost
always leads to questionable results because of the interference with the flow. 
Application of nonintrusive optical probes to make such measurements has led to important
new insights in aerodynamic flows.  Recent developments in ultra high sensitivity
interferometry have produced techniques for detecting boundary layer transition from
laminar to turbulent flow.  Experiments suggest that such a device could actually
be configured and calibrated to produce quantitative density information comparable
to hot wire data.  Breadboard experiments will be performed to confirm this hypothesis
and to provide design information for a system to be applied in a selected wind tunnel.

Project Title:

Laser Diagnostic for Metastable Molecule-Surface Interaction Measurements

02.03-
 Project Title: 
 Turbulence Control on an Airborne Laser Platform 

02.04-8500B
Turbulence Control on an Airborne Laser Platform
Flow Industries, Inc.
21414 68th Avenue South
Kent
WA
98032
Gad-el-hak
Mohamed
18213
50,000
LaRC

 Abstract: 
An active flow control device that can generate large-scale, periodic structures
in a turbulent shear flow has been developed.  The device can be used on airborne
laser platforms to reduce or eliminate optical distortion of the laser beam caused
by the turbulence.  Controlled experiments will be conducted in an l8-meter towing
tank to investigate the feasibility of generating large-scale, periodic structures
in a highly turbulent flow field.  Two methods for altering the turbulence structure
have been examined.  The first is the use of a controlled cyclic jet issuing from
the wall of a boundary layer to collect the turbulence for a finite time and then
release all of the energy instantaneously in one large eddy that convects downstream.
 The second method involves a turret-like device to divert the airplane's boundary
layer away from the path of the laser beam.  The resulting free shear layer is then
actively controlled by subharmonic perturbation.  Both devices have been tested and
optimized on a zero pressure-gradient boundary layer using novel flow visualization
techniques and fast-response velocity probe measurements.  Conditional sampling and
pattern recognition techniques will be used to analyze the random velocity signal.





 Project Title: 
 Real-Time Flutter Prediction and General Modal Parameter Identification 

02.05-8400
Real-Time Flutter Prediction and General Modal Parameter Identification
Integrated Systems, Inc.
2500 Mission College Boulevard
Santa Clara
CA
95054-1215
Walker
Robert A.
18203
50,000
LaRC

 Abstract: 
Real-time flutter prediction including close modes can be effectively estimated from
turbulence or on-board excitation with an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) approach.
 The physically based model form enables prediction of the damping rate as well as
damping giving a time to unstability estimate with it's variance.  The approach is
recursive and can operate a synchronously to drop data outliers and hence is quite
robust.  It's speed is reasonable for on-line application but also can be used effectively
as an off-line analysis tool for application to any modal testing situation.





 Project Title: 
 An Arbitrary Grid CFD Algorithm for Configuration Aerodynamics 

02.07-5494
An Arbitrary Grid CFD Algorithm for Configuration Aerodynamics
Computational Mechanics Consultants, Inc.
3601A Chapman Highway
Knoxville
TN
37920
Baker
A. J.
12347
49,932
ARC

 Abstract: 
The purpose of this project to develop a CFD numerical solution algorithm for the
three-dimensional Euler/Navier -Stokes equations that does not rely on a well-structured,
body-fitted coordinate system for robustness.  The specific application is for realistic
configuration aerodynamics analysis of high speed mixed supersonic flows at large
Reynolds number.  A theoretical analysis framework is presented that permits enforcement
of proper zones of dependence measureable on an arbitrary mesh.  The computational
mesh itself is formed as the union of tetrahedra, pentahedra and facetted hexahedra,
the combination of which is geometrically completely general admitting arbitrary
local refinement.  Theoretically, CFD algorithm is a weak-statement form of a Taylor
series expansion, which admits arbitrarily complicated test and trial functions.
 The goal of the analysis is to optimize this algorithm to the configuration aerodynamics
problem class with embodiment in a multiprocessing-multitasking computer environment.




 Project Title: 
 Active Cancellation of Interior and Exterior Propeller Driver Aircraft Noise Using 

02.08-3779
Active Cancellation of Interior and Exterior Propeller Driver Aircraft Noise Using
An Exterior Source
Technology Integration And Development Group, Inc.
One Progress Road
Billerica
MA
01821
Higbie
Nathan B.
18214
49,500
LaRC

 Abstract: 
We propose to develop, for aircraft deployment, an active cancellation technique
that has shown promise in preliminary laboratory testing.  The system consists of
a proven cancellation algorithm for repetitive noise that uses a synch pulse from
the engine, a high power sound source mounted near the propeller that adapts a source
technology developed by our staff, and an innovative concept for detecting the propeller
noise impinging on the fuselage.  The system concept is to provide anti-noise which
cancels the propeller radiated noise before it reaches the fuselage or ground.  The
system development requires R&D and integration of three technically diverse components
(sources, receivers, and signal processors).  Our staff has a strong background in
all three areas.  For the first stage of the development, we will completely characterize
the propeller noise field.  This will allow us to determine system and component
performance specifications.  Then preliminary designs will be technically and economically
evaluated, and a hardware development plan created.  The system will then be built
and tested in flight.  The system potentially has significant economic impact since
an active system is much lighter weight than passive noise control.  It will also
result in a very positive reduction of environmental noise level.




 Project Title: 
 Numerical Simulation of Impinging Jets 

02.10-8500
Numerical Simulation of Impinging Jets
Flow Industries, Inc.
21414 68th Avenue South
Kent
WA
98032
Rizk
Magdi
12359
49,143
ARC

 Abstract: 
The ability to optimize the design of V/STOL aircraft and to predict their performance
requires a good understanding of the complex jet-induced phenomena associated with
these aircraft. Presently, experimental work is the main avenue followed to gain
an understanding of V/STOL flows.  Numerical simulation has many advantages not shared
by experimental tools.  It therefore can complement experimental efforts in gaining
a deep understanding of the complex flow phenomena associated with V/STOL flows.
 A procedure that accurately predicts V/STOL flows has been formulated and a code
has been developed that allows the simulation of these flows.  This procedure has
been tested by applying it to a two-dimensional problem.  A code has been developed
to calculate the flow field of a planar impinging jet. The ideas formulated and tested
in Phase I will be a basis for the Phase II effort toward developing a pilot code
that will allow the investigation of single or multiple jet impingement on the ground.
 Phase II will encompass both numerical and experimental investigations with the
aim of resolving some of the unanswered questions associated with V/STOL flow fields.




 Project Title: 
 Ordered Polymer Film Composite Applied to Fluid Deicing System for Aircraft 

03.01-3200
Ordered Polymer Film Composite Applied to Fluid Deicing System for Aircraft
Foster-miller, Inc.
350 Second Ave.
Waltham
MA
02254
Lusignea
Richard W.
24846

LeRC

 Abstract: 
The "Weeping Wing" concept, in which a deicing fluid is slowly pumped through pores
in a leading edge surface to remove accumulated ice and prevent additional ice formation,
has proven very effective.  Commercial and developmental versions employ sintered
stainless steel or laser drilled titanium  as the leading edge material.  A lighter,
more cost-effective system conpatible with composite substrate structures is needed
to fully realize the potential of this concept for modern aircraft.
	A porous PBT (poly-p-phenylene benzobisthiozole) film has been developed for application
to porous leading edge deicing systems.  PBT is an extremely strong, stiff, stable
and relatively inert polymer with promise for use in the porous leading edge structure.
	The PBT film has controlled porosity and its mechanical properties and pressure-flow
characteristics have been measured.  The feasibility of using it as a leading edge
for the "weeping wing" has been assessed using as a comparison the porous sintered
stainless steel leading edge made by TKS Limited of Halfwhistle, England.





 Project Title: 
 Icing Sensor & Ice Protection System 

03.01-4846
Icing Sensor & Ice Protection System
Innovative Dynamics
244 Langmuir Lab
Cornell Research Park
Ithaca
NY
14850-1296
Gerardi
Joseph J.
24852
30,000
LeRC

 Abstract: 
The objective of this project is to determine the feasibility of developing the key
components in an Icing Sensor & Ice Protection System (ISIPS) that incorporate piezoelectric
material to sense ice accretion and to inhibit its buildup.  A novel concept conceived
by the proposer that utilizes solid state piezoelectric sensor and actuator technology
indicates that it is possible to provide both ice sensing and ice protection with
the same material.  The key elements of this system utilize polyvinylidene flouride
(PVDF) transducer film material being evaluated for use in both sensing and actuating
components and a microprocessor for digital signal filtering and for closed loop
deicing control.  Due to its excellent piezoelectric properties and broadband response,
the PVDF film is able to sense the vibratory motion of an ice accretion surface responding
to frequencies from a few HZ to KHZ and higher. By incorporating a microprocessor
into this system, a number of design advantages immediately become available.  It
will be possible to construct an ISIPS that determines the ice onset, accretion and
accretion rate and provides for the controlled dissipation of ice on helicopter blades,
aircraft wings, parked aircraft, aircraft components, airport runways and facilities,
and airport navigation aid structures as well.




 Project Title: 
 Intelligent Interface System 

03.03-8221A
Intelligent Interface System
Computer Resource Consultants, Inc.
87 Elsie Street
San Francisco
CA
94110
Caffrey
Morgan P.
12361
49,871
ARC

 Abstract: 
This project will provide an early assessment, as well as direct experience, in using
an expert system to act as an intelligent interface between existing computational
programs used in conceptual aircraft design and the requester of aircraft design
information.
	The intended system will generate performance criteria or mission requirements and
return to the requester the potential concepts which match the minimum performance
criteria and which were constrained by specified and unspecified limits.  The unspecified
limits will come from rules developed from interviews and discussions with experts
in aeronautics.  The expert system would generate searches and archive results to
a data base of shapes appropriate for categories of missions and performance.  The
expert system will alert the operator to new and innovative solutions suggesting
further exploration.
	Additionally, the system will conduct "what if.." searches on its own to expand
the breadth of the concepts evaluated.  An important part of the project is to assess
the extent that any of the "what if..." designs are truly innovative or useful. 
A collateral goal is to evaluate specialized and available co-processor boards that
may offer order of magnitude improvements in presently timeconsuming and expensive
calculations and inference resolutions.




 Project Title: 
 Recording Pilot Eye Movement Information on a Digital Flight Data Recorder 

03.04-4100
Recording Pilot Eye Movement Information on a Digital Flight Data Recorder
Analytics
2500 Maryland Road
Willow Grove
PA
19090
Deimler
James
18211
49,899
LaRC

 Abstract: 
The modern Digital Flight Data Recorder (DFDR) provides an opportunity to capture
in-flight data never possible with the older analog "tin-foil" type recorder.  Additionally,
the DFDR permits sophisticated data reduction and correlation of numerous parameters.
 Although the DFDR is primarily oriented toward accident investigation, its high
capacity extends its usefulness beyond that into the domain of crew performance,
physiological response, and workload assessment.
	The concept of collecting data on pilot eye response using an oculometer and recording
that data on the Digital Flight Data Recorder for subsequent analysis can be met
by examining the four issues:  (1) Is it technically feasible to collect eye movement
data in a cockpit environment using an oculometer? (2) Is the modern Digital Flight
Data Recorder capable of recording processed oculometer data?; (3) How useful is
pilot eye movement data in accident investigation or reconstruction?; (4) What other
uses exist for data pilot eye movement gathered during actual flight conditions (e.g.,
workload analysis, scan pattern analysis, response to visual cues)?




 Project Title: 
 Optimal Output Feedback Regulator Design for Systems with Variable Dynamics 

03.05-0371
Optimal Output Feedback Regulator Design for Systems with Variable Dynamics
Information & Control Systems, Inc.
28 Research Drive
Hampton
VA
23666
Moerder
Daniel D.
18212
49,998
LaRC

 Abstract: 
An investigation of a novel approach to applying linear quadratic optimization theory
to the problem of designing small perturbation feedback regulators for nonlinear
plants will be conducted.  The class of plants considered consist of those which
can be modelled as linear systems whose dynamics vary with operating condition. 
The methodology involves the solution of boundary value problems in the parameter
space of the plant operating regime.




 Project Title: 
 The LAD Concept: An Optimal Interface for Expert Monitoring Systems 

03.06-0703
The LAD Concept: An Optimal Interface for Expert Monitoring Systems
Behavioral Research Associates
693 North 400 West
West Lafayette
IN
47906
Sorkin
Robert D.
12360
49,955
ARC

 Abstract: 
The Likelihood Alarm Display (LAD) is a new type of alerting system display that
forms an optimal interface between an intelligent or "expert" computer monitoring
subsystem and a human pilot.  In a LAD display, the alerting signal provided to the
human operator contains information about the computed likelihood of the problem
as determined by the intelligent automated subsystem.  This encoded likelihood information
enables more accurate problem diagnosis and improved allocation of operator attention.
 The LAD should result in improved system performance and reduced operator error,
especially under high levels of pilot workload.  System performance with LADs has
been evaluated for several different types of tonal and speech display codes.




 Project Title: 
 Calculation of Helicopter Rotor Blade/Vortex Interaction by Navier-Stokes Procedures 

03.07-0333
Calculation of Helicopter Rotor Blade/Vortex Interaction by Navier-Stokes Procedures
(P85-27)
Scientific Research Associates, Inc
P.O. Box 498
Glastonbury
CT
06033
Kim
Young-nam
12363
49,879
ARC

 Abstract: 
Investigating the problem of a vortex interacting with a helicopter rotor blade section
has been the first step in applying the three-dimensional, Navier-Stokes equations
to the transonic rotor blade/vortex interaction effects on helicopter performance
and noise.  This study has attmpted to restrictions imposed by the usual inviscid
approaches to this problem.  The viscous effects are included in the computations,
thus allowing the vortex structure to change as the flow proceeds downstream and
allowing blade viscous displacement effects to influence the vortex path.  The work
has concentrated on the investigation of the unsteady three-dimensional flow associated
with the interactions of blade with vortices for representative though simplified
geometry and flow conditions.  Later efforts will extend the initial efforts to more
representative geometry and flows.  The numerical procedure is capable of simulating
capable of simulating the unsteady transonic rotor blade/vortex interations to is
capable determine its effects on the performance, vibrational problems and aeroacoustics
associated with a modern helicopter.  The procedure can account for viscous effects
including flow separation and shock-boundary Iayer interactions and allows for relistic
blade and tip geometries.





 Project Title: 
 Improved Signal Processor for Enhancement of Laser Doppler Velocimeters 

03.07-8477
Improved Signal Processor for Enhancement of Laser Doppler Velocimeters
Spectron Development Laboratories, Inc.
3303 Harbor Blvd., Suite G-3
Costa Mesa
CA
92626
Modarress
Dariush 
12362
49,988
ARC

 Abstract: 
The need to develop improved signal processors to enhance the S/N of multicomponent
LDA systems is crucial to fundamental studies concerning helicopter and other aerodynamic
bodies.  Although there has been a rapid development of LDA techniques in the past
decade, little has been done to improve the methods of signal processing.  This project
introduces fast digital processing of the LDA signal as a strong alternative to the
presently used analogue techniques.  Auto-correlation, fast fourier transforms (FFT)
and other signal enhancement techniques are applied to the recorded signals to enhance
the input signal and to extract velocity information from signal levels on the order
of back-ground noise.
	It is expected that under Phase I, the technique will be developed including both
the software and brassboard hardware.  A proof-of-concept experiment will then follow.
 Phase II will involve the development of a multi-component signal processing system
which will be integrated to an existing LDA system at NASA.




 Project Title: 
 Fully Automatic Guidance for Rotorcraft Nap-of-the-Earth Flight 

03.08-4675
Fully Automatic Guidance for Rotorcraft Nap-of-the-Earth Flight
Systems Technology, Inc.
13766 So. Hawthorne Blvd.
Hawthorne
CA
90250
Clement
Warren F.
12364
49,971
ARC

 Abstract: 
Nap-of-the earth (NOE) flight in a conventional helicopter is extremely taxing for
two pilots under visual conditions.  Developing a single pilot all-weather NOE capability
will require a fully automatic NOE navigation and flight control capability for which
innovative guidance and control concepts are required.  Time-optimality provides
a validated criterion for automatically controlled NOE maneuvers, if the pilot is
to have confidence in the automatically maneuvering technique.  This is one innovation
which we propose.  Another innovation is to organize the storage and real-time updating
of terrain profiles and obstacles in course-oriented coordinates which are indexed
to the mission flight plan.  The defined flight profile commands wi8ll be updated
in real time by parameter identification using sensed obstacle and terrain data.
 Other objectives of Phase I are to define the automatic guidance algorithms and
necessary data preview requirements to follow the updated vertical, lateral, and
longitudinal guidance commands dictated by the updated flight profiles and to address
the effects of delays and data skewness in digital guidance and control system candidates
composed of independent digital processors for the intended application.  When the
first two phases of work have been completed, we anticipate that simulation and experimental
ground-based testing of promising alternatives for automatic guidance and control
of rotorcraft in NOE operations will have been accomplished to provide a practical
demonstration of concepts.




 Project Title: 
 Spectral Contents Readout of Birefringent Sensors 

03.09-3383
Spectral Contents Readout of Birefringent Sensors
Strainoptic Technologies, Inc.
21 Terrace Road
Norristown
PA
19401
Redner
Alex S.
12351
50,000
ARC

 Abstract: 
A transparent material subjected to stresses becomes birefringent, producing a relative
retardation between orthogonally polarized rays that is proportional to the strains.
 In Photoelasticity, this retardation is measured visually, using a variety of compensators,
or automatically, using complex analyzer rotators or electro-optical modulators,
limited to small retardation levels.
	The transmitted light intensity is measured at several discrete wavelengths, and
the resulting spectral signature is interpreted by a microprocessor in terms of the
measured retardation and stress.
	The resulting birefringent sensor - spectral analyzer system permits a noncontacting
method of strain measurements, with the ability of carrying the signal to a remote
location, using fiber-optic cables.  This system thus extends the range of strain
measurements to high temperatures.






 Project Title: 
 Advanced Powder Metallurgy Techniques to Manufacture High Strength Refractory Metal 

04.01-1300
Advanced Powder Metallurgy Techniques to Manufacture High Strength Refractory Metal
Fibers
Metadyne, Inc.
Home Street, P.O. Box 242
Elmira
NY
14902
Daga
Raman L.
Contract:24865
49,926
LeRC

 Abstract: 
Recent advances in sintering technology and refractory metal alloy development have
been used to improve the manufacturing method for high-evaluated temperature strength
fibers.  A controlled atmosphere sintering of powder metallurgy ingots of new molybdenum
and tungsten alloys under a selected chemical potential environment, in conjunction
with subsequent optimized wire drawing process, may produce fibers of very high-elevated
temperature strength.  New alloys of molybdenum offer an opportunity for weight reduction
and excellent high temperature strengths.






 Project Title: 
 Refractory Metal Fibers Directly Cast From Melt 

04.01-2210
Refractory Metal Fibers Directly Cast From Melt
Marko Materials, Inc.
PO Box 3
North Billerica
MA
01862
Ray
Ranjan
24867
50,000
LeRC

 Abstract: 
Fiber-reinforced superalloy matrix composite materials are emerging as high performance
structural materials for applications in advanced gas turbine engines and other advanced
engineering systems.  One of the most promising materials being considered for operation
at high temperatures is a composite of a nickel- or iron-based superalloy reinforced
with refractory metal fibers.  The attractive high strength potential of refractory
fiber composites is largely based on the properties of the fiber.  As such there
is a need for metallic fibers with imoroved high temperature strength.  A new process,
based on the principles of rapid solidification, has been explored to fabricate refractory
metal alloys as fibers directly cast from melt.  Development of new refractory metal-base
alloy compositions processable as fibers possessing superior high temperature strength
has also been pursued in Phase I.




 Project Title: 
 A Transformation Zr02 Whisker Reinforced Alumina Composite 

04.01-3257A
A Transformation Zr02 Whisker Reinforced Alumina Composite
Materials & Electrochemical Research Corporation
4600 N. Via Madre
Tucson
AZ
85749
Withers
J. C.
24872
50,000
LeRC

 Abstract: 
There is a great demand in space, defense and commercial applications for an oxidation
resistant, lightweight, high modulus and high strength ceramic composite with exceptionally
high static and dynamic toughness.  Phase transformation toughening such as with
Zr02 and absorption for microcracking at boundary surfaces such as at whisker-matrix
interface are known toughening-strengthening mechanisms.  The full potential or these
toughening mechanisms have not been achieved by the traditional route of combining
powders and consolidating.  Combining sol gel technology with the addition of whiskers
can result in a fine grained alumina matrix composite with whiskers and fine grained
Zr02 at the alumina grain boundaries to produce a composite with substantially improved
toughness and strength, and oxidation resistance to about 1500oC.  This project utilizes
unique sol gel technology and a statistical designed experimental regime to produce
an alumina matrix composite strengthened and toughened with Zr02 and whiskers which
will have diverse uses in space and defense mission applications and commercially
in cutting tools and heat engines.




 Project Title: 
 An Expert System to Assist in the Analysis of Mechanical Designs 

04.02-8095A
An Expert System to Assist in the Analysis of Mechanical Designs
Cadetron, Inc.
8302 Dunwoody Place, Suite 160
Atlanta
Ga
30338
Holt
Robert H.
24869
50,000
 LeRC
This project examines the feasability of developing an integrated mechanical CAD/expert
system.  In addition to providing common CAD facilities such as solid-modeling and
drafting, the system will guide the designer in choosing appropriate analysis tools.
 It will then derive a suitable input file for the selected tool from the geometric
and mechanical properties entered during the design phase.


 Abstract: 




 Project Title: 
 High Performance Polyimide Film Using LARC-TPI 

04.03-3200
High Performance Polyimide Film Using LARC-TPI
Foster-Miller, Inc.
350 Second Ave.
Waltham
MA
02254
Lusignea
Richard W.
18215
49,941
LaRC

 Abstract: 
LARC-TPI is a thermoplastic polyimide, developed by NASA to overcome the processing
difficulties encountered with conventional polyimides.  LARC-TPI can be easily cast
into a strong tough film, because it is processed from a low-boiling point solvent
and imidized at a relatively low temperature.  Further development of film processing
methods can orient the thermoplastic LARC-TPI film to improve strength, stiffness
and thermo-mechanical behavior.  Controlled orientation of the film permits tailoring
properties to meet aerospace applications specifically requiring high temperature,
tough structural film and film-based composites.  A process has been developed to
orient LARC-TPI films, characterize the films, and identify key applications.
	Controlled stretching of the film at elevated temperatures has been evaluated as
a means of ordering the film and controlling specific properties.  The extent of
order achievable using this technique and the effect on critical properties has been
determined based on the evaluation.




 Project Title: 
 Improved Fracture Toughness in Metal Matrix Composites 

04.03-7648
Improved Fracture Toughness in Metal Matrix Composites
MSNW, Inc.
P.O. Box 865
San Marcos
CA
92069
Reynolds
George H.
18219
48,768
LaRC

 Abstract: 
Model metal matrix composite materials have been fabricated and tested to determine
the influence of microstructural parameters on fracture toughness.  Microstructural
parameters that were be varied at two levels in a statistically designed experment
include the degree of chemical bonding between the matrix and reinforcing phases,
the homogeneity of dispersion of the reinforcing phase, the mean size of the reinforcing
phase particles, the residual dislocation density of the matrix phase, and the degree
of hot working of the consolidated composite.  The model system is a 2l24 aluminum
alloy matrix with a SiC particulate reinforcing phase. Microstructure, processing
conditions, tensile properties and fracture toughness of the model composites have
been evaluated and correlated.  The effects of matrix/reinforcing phase interfacial
chemistry on fracture toughness has also been studied.  Recommendations for constituent
phase selection and microstructural design for improved toughness composites will
be formulated.





 Project Title: 
 Surface Chemical Modification of Graphite Filaments to Improve Graphite/Epoxy Composites 

04.03-8402A
Surface Chemical Modification of Graphite Filaments to Improve Graphite/Epoxy Composites
Santech, Inc.
8205 Harwood Avenue, N.E.
Albuquerque
NM
87110
Delollis
Nicholas J.
18208
50,000
LaRC

 Abstract: 
High strength carbon-fiber composite materials continue to have a major limitation
in the weak bonding achieved between the fiber and the matrix.  The results are low
interlaminar shear strength and low transverse tensile strength of the fiber. Oxidative
etchings and coatings have proven most effective in improving the bond strength,
but the extent to which primary chemical bonds have been achieved remains questionable.
 The trend to higher performance graphite fibers aggravates the bonding problem.
	Surface chemical modification of polyaramid filaments, induced by glow discharge
plasma treating, has been highly effective in modifying the surface energetics to
enhance wetting and depositing reactive groups which can form covalent bonds with
the resin.  The result has been a significant improvement in off-axis properties
of Kevlar/epoxy composites.
	The feasibility of modifying thc surface chemistry of graphic fibers with glow discharge
plasma treatment process to increase chemical bonds with resins will be investigated.
 Two carbon fibers and two epoxy resins will be studied with ammonia as the source
gas.  Fiber characterization tests will be conducted along with mechanical testing
of graphite/epoxy specimens.





 Project Title: 
 Tubular Composite Structural Elements With Integral End Fittings 

04.04-1504
Tubular Composite Structural Elements With Integral End Fittings
DWA Composite Specialties, Inc.
21119 Superior Street
Chatsworth
CA
91311-4393
Loftin
Timothy A.
36264
49,887
MSFC

 Abstract: 
Coupling high-performance metal-matrix composite structural elements with end fittings
of comparable high performance promises the capability of fabricating structures
of exceptional strength, rigidity and thermal stability.  Attaching the end fittings
to the structural elements during the initial fabrication cycle optimizes the matching
of mechanical properties between the element and its end fitting.





 Project Title: 
 SME Joints and Coupling for Advanced Composite Materials 

04.04-9777
SME Joints and Coupling for Advanced Composite Materials
Memory Metals, Inc.
84 West Park Place
Stamford
CT
06901
Fisher
Stephen M.
36272
44,775
MSFC

 Abstract: 
Advanced materials such as graphite/epoxy and metal matrix composites, exhibit remarkable
modulus to weight performance. These materials are currently being used in commerical
and military applications and are excellent for future use as structural members
for space stations.  As with many advanced materials, their efficient and eifective
use is limited by fabrication techniques.  Current methods of joining these materials
provide the largest constraint  to use and contribute significantly to degredation
in the joined region.  This project will address the feasibility of using Shape Memory
Effect materials for joints and couplings.  The study will address materials and
design issues culminating in prototype designs for further development in phase II.





 Project Title: 
 Light Weight Alumina/Aluminosilicate Thermal Protection Materials 

04.05-6630
Light Weight Alumina/Aluminosilicate Thermal Protection Materials
Merix Corporation
192 Worcester Street
Wellesley
MA
02181
Mix
Thomas W.
12354
50,000
ARC

 Abstract: 
Future atmospheric entry vehicles will require more durable, lighter, reusable thermal
protection to withstand temperatures around 137O K.  Standard alumina or aluminosilicate
refractories have low thermal conductivity and retain structural integrity at this
temperature.  Merix Corporation proposes an innovative method to produce a highly
porous alumina/aluminosilicate.  The porous structure is of low density, has lower
thermal conductivity than corresponding non-porous materials and will provide the
necessary thermal protection with reduced weight.  In addition, improved thermal
shock resistance, and resistance to crack propogation  upon impact by high velocity
particulate matter are advantages offered by the proposed materials.  Load-bearing
capability of the porous structure may be improved if necessary by incorporation
of ceramic fibers into the ceramic during manufacture.   Merix will produce samples
of the proposed material in Phase 1 of the project using an adaptation of the sol-gel
process for producing monolithic ceramics from polyseric precursors.  These samples
will be thoroughly evaluated for mechanical and thermal properties, to determine
their suitability in thermal protection applications.  Some samples will be produced
containing ceramic fibers and evaluated for improvements in strength characteristics.
 The material should also have commercial application as a superior high temperature
insulating material for kilns and furnaces and may have application for advanced
power generation (e.g. MHD and fusion power).





 Project Title: 
 Synthesis and Characterization of Protective Coatings for Aerospace Materials 

04.06-0452
Synthesis and Characterization of Protective Coatings for Aerospace Materials
Mercor, Incorporated
2448 Sixth Street
Berkeley
CA
94710
Riffle
Judy S.
957
49,684
JPL

 Abstract: 
Linear, polydimethlsiloxane-polyimide block copolymers may prove to be useful as
high performance coatings in applications where extreme environmental conditions
will be encountered.  The objective of this project is to develop a coating material
which would protect the underlying substrate against degradation due to atomic oxygen
bombardment.  In addition, this coating material should also be hydrolytically, oxidatively,
and thermally stable over a wide temperature range.  There is evidence that polysiloxane
surfaces react with atomic oxygen to form protective silicon dioxide coatings.  Polyimide
homopolymers are known to be thermally and hydrolytically stable and to possess excellent
mechanical properties.  Therefore, chemically, it is believed that a polysiloxane-polyimide
copolymer would make an excellent coating.  Unfortunately, polyimides are normally
intractible, infusible polymers.  Polysiloxane-polyimides made to date are either
insoluble materials or have very low upper use temperatures due to extremely short
block lengths of the rigid component.  The feasibility of development of a soluble
coating material having the polysiloxane-polyimide block copolymer structure will
be evaluated using three basic schemes:
		1.  Copolymer synthesis via the reaction of diisocyanates,
		2.  Polyamide-imide-siloxane copolymer synthesis, and finally,
		3.  Copolymer synthesis employing a Michael reaction for chain
                extension.





 Project Title: 
 Surface Fluorination of Polymers for use in Space 

04.06-6315
Surface Fluorination of Polymers for use in Space
Tekmat Corp.
79 Byron Road
Weston
MA
02193
Loh
Ih Houng
953
49,650
JPL

 Abstract: 
The flux of oxgen atoms near the surface of polymers in low orbit environments can
result in accelerated erosion of the exposed polymer.  The source of these oxygen
atoms may be both the space environment and the polymers themselves.  Fluoropolymers
are known to be resistant to this erosion,  However, bulk polymers cannot be readily
processed into composits for space applications.
	Further research will be done on a method of combining the erosion resistance of
fluoropolymers with the desirable mechanical properties of conventional composite
materials.  This can be done by chemically modifying the existing molecules in the
outermost surface layer of the material rather than coating it, thus avoiding delamination
problems.
	In this project, plasma surface fluorination techniques will be used to reduce hydrogen
atoms of polymer molecules in the surface of polymer materials to produce a teflon-like
substance at the surface of the material.  This modified surface should significantly
reduce erosion of the material by atomic oxygen, but leave the mechanical integrity
of the original material intact.
	Preliminary laboratory testing and results obtained from shuttle flight 41D indicate
a high probability that low-cost, high performance materials can be deve1oped for
space station and other satellite use.





 Project Title: 
 Feasibility Study of a Next Generation VPPA Welding Control System 

04.08-8305
Feasibility Study of a Next Generation VPPA Welding Control System
General Digital Industries, Inc.
7702 Governors Drive
Huntsville
AL
35805
Vora
Dipak V.
36267

MSFC

 Abstract: 
New approaches to automatic control are needed if Variable Polarity Plasma ARC (VPPA)
welding is to realize its full potential as a reliable, repeatable, cost effective
process. Present VPPA control systems are first generation, elementary computer-based
systems that depend on programs which are experimentally derived, and do not compensate
for anomolies injected by tooling, part, and other independent variables.
	This SBIR effort will investigate the feasibility of using real-time measures of
joint quality to control all aspects of welder operation.  The key determinants of
joint quality will be established, the ability to sense each quality determinant
using available technology will be investigated, and an estimate of control ability
will be made for each determinant.  In Phase II, a set of requirements for this next
generation control system will be derived, and a prototype will be designed and implemented.
	If successful, this innovation will transform an expensive, sensitive, and human-error-prone
process into a reliable and easy to use process that can produce significant productivity
gains in the manufacture of aerospace structures.





 Project Title: 
 Internal Characterozation of Dynamically Stressed Materials 

04.10-7780
Internal Characterozation of Dynamically Stressed Materials
Advanced Research and Applications Corporation
1223 E. Arques Avenue
Sunnyvale, CA  94086
Stanley
James H.
18201
49,679
LaRC

 Abstract: 
NASA has a strong interest in developing advanced structural materials for various
system applications.  In practice, the development of new, or the improvement of
old, materials systems is an iterative process in which the rate of progress is intimately
related to the understanding of the properties and behavior of the materials as a
function of their microstructure.  A novel NDE instrument wedding the capabilities
of computed tomography (CT) and a load frame is investigated.  CT is a noninvasive
radiographic technique that provides quantitative spatial and density information
about the internal structure of materials.  By also incorporating acoustic emission
transducers, the instrument would enable the user to focus attention on the cross
section of the sample where the most interesting damage is occurring during stress
testing.  Such an instrument would provide a unique method of studying the gradual
accumulation of damage in a specimen by making it possible to watch the movement
and propagation of cracks and delaminations in near real time prior to failure. 
Phase I will identify the imaging characteristics that the proposed instrument needs
to have and conceptualize an engineering design of a device suitable for Phase II
implementation.





 Project Title: 
 End Fittings for Hinged and Rigid Joints Between Graphite-Aluminum Tubular Structural 

04.11-1504
End Fittings for Hinged and Rigid Joints Between Graphite-Aluminum Tubular Structural
Elements
DWA Composite Specialties, Inc.
21119 Superior Street
Chatsworth
CA
91311-4393
Loftin
Timothy A.
17570
49,745
JSC

 Abstract: 
By attaching (via welding or bonding) articulated terminators onto high-performance
graphite-aluminum tubular structural elements, hinged and rigid joints can be manufactured.
 These joints made from rigid and thermally stable DWAL 20 metal-matrix composites
will find many applications in the fabrication of structures requiring extreme stiffness
and thermal stability from structural elements of minimum density.





 Project Title: 
 Dry Extraction of Silicon and Aluminum from Lunar Ores 

04.13-3260
Dry Extraction of Silicon and Aluminum from Lunar Ores
Emec Consultants
R.D. 3, Roundtop Road
Export
PA
15632
Keller
Rudolf
17575
50,000
JSC

 Abstract: 
The feasibility of a process concept to manufacture silicon, aluminum, other metals,
and oxygen from lunar resources is investigated.  Focus will be on a process step
in which aluminum metal is used as a reductant and on the separation of the resulting
product.




 Project Title: 
 Fingertip-shaped Touch Sensor for Teleoperator and Robotic Applications 

05.01-8182
Fingertip-shaped Touch Sensor for Teleoperator and Robotic Applications
Begej Laboratories, Inc.
58 Tracy Circle
Amherst
MA
01002
Begej
Stefan
968
40,500
JPL

 Abstract: 
This project concerns the development of an advanced touch sensor for use with teleoperator
devices.  The innovation consists of a compact, fingertip-shaped, optical tactile
sensor with a shape, size, force sensitivity, and spatial resolution corresponding
to that of a human fingertip.  When complemented with a tactile stimulator, together
they would improve an operator's sense of presence, thereby increasing efficiency
and safety.  During Phase I, two optical tactile sensors will be fabricated, and
one delivered to NASA.  The work will concentrate on developing components for the
sensor, e,g., optical-fiber spacers, fiber cable sheathing, lubricants to reduce
fiber wear, touch transducer membranes, and sensor covers.  Later Phase II work would
concern the development of a compact, high-density tactile stimulator and an interface
unit to the optical tactile sensor, thereby forming a complete tactile reflection
system for teleoperators.  The primary commercial applications of the optical tactile
sensor would be for dexterous teleoperator control in the space, chemical, nuclear,
and ordnance industries.  Additional applications can also be found in the area of
robot control and prosthetic devices.




 Project Title: 
 Positioning Beam Rider Module for Articulated Robot Manipulator [ARM] 

05.02-0298
Positioning Beam Rider Module for Articulated Robot Manipulator [ARM]
Cellulose Conversion Enterprises
P.O. Box 9315
Berkeley
CA
94709
Malachowski
M.J.
24866
50,000
LeRC

 Abstract: 
The Articulated Robot Manipulator (ARM) is a lightweight flexable arm capable of
quickly and accurately positioning a load of 100 kilograms over a ten meter radius.
 ARM will use mixed laser and beam positioning and communications systems to internally
sense the effector positions.  ARM will be constructed of segments and articulations.
 Segments will be long, thin, flexable, and interchangable; they may telescope or
rotate. The articulations will consist of a head containing the positioning sensors,
motor, control, and communication systems and a platform with the effector systems.
 The objectives of Phase I are to prototype a laser Beam Rider Module (BRM) positioning
system and testbed ARM incorporating the BRM concept.  The objective of Phase II
is to construct a prototype ARM.




 Project Title: 
  End Effectors for Assembly of Space Structures 

05.03-0718
 End Effectors for Assembly of Space Structures
Olis Engineering
P.O. Box 408D
Sedalia
CO
80135
Lord
Carter K.
Contractor Number:36259
35,579
MSFC

 Abstract: 
Several end effector systems which regulate and distribute the loads generated in
handling structural elements during space assembly operations have been designed
and an and an evaluation of the concepts developed.  Current end effector designs
transmit concentrated loads to the structural members handled.  Current end effector
designs transmit concentrated loads to the structural members handled.  This may
not be acceptable for use in the assembly of structures in space, as the structural
elements may well be susceptible to damange resulting from concentracted loads induced
by end effectors or other handling mechanisms.  Therefore the feasibility of "soft
contact" end effectors and handling mechanisms has been determined.  Some preliminary
concepts developed under Phase l include end effectors with inflatable jaw faces,
where contact area is increased and contact pressure can be preset to an acceptable
level; end effectors which interface with preexisting attach points on the structural
element to be handled; inflatable slings and cradles for handling of large panels,
etc.
	The results of Phase l would identify those concepts which warrant further development
during Phase II, which should include development and testing of the candidate end
effector concepts and handling mechanism concepts as well as more detailed analysis.




 Project Title: 
 three-dimensional Dynamic Robot Vision System 

05.04-3474
three-dimensional Dynamic Robot Vision System
Charles River Analytics Inc.
55 Wheeler Street
Cambridge
MA
02138
Zacharias
Greg L.
17576
49,927
JSC

 Abstract: 
The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of developing
a real-time objective Robot Vision System for use STS assembly, construction, and
real-time three-dimensional Dynamic Robot Vision System for use STS assembly, construction,
and routine maintenance.  The basic technique studied uses the "flow-field" information
implicit in all imaged scenes involving relative motion between imaging sensor and
viewed objects, and uses it to generate a dynamic estimate of not only the relative
motion parameters (between imager and objects), but also the relative range and depth
to all viewed surface points defining the objects.  This "depth map" is then used
to directly define three-dimensional objects shapes, for downstream use by a three-dimensional
object recognition algorithm.  We propose to evaluate overall feasibility via three
tasks.  We will:  1)  define a preliminary design to identify basic feasibility issues;
2)  develop and exercise component algorithms needed to support the several component
blocks of the design; and 3)  evaluate overall system performance, and, on this basis,
define system functional specifications for follow-on prototype development.  A final
report will summarize the study's objectives, achievements, and recommendations for
further work.





 Project Title: 
 Integrated Computer Vision Research for Space Construction 

05.04-8033
Integrated Computer Vision Research for Space Construction
Machine Vision International
325 E. Eisenhower Parkway
Ann Arbor
MI
48104
Shapiro
Linda G.
17580
50,000
JSC

 Abstract: 
The problem of robot vision for space construction is difficult and challenging.
 The images that the robot vision system must deal with will be difficult to segment
into meaningful pieces and difficult to intepret.  Three image processing methodologies--
mathematical morphology, the facet model for image data, and the topographic primal
sketch have been applied to a representative set of images pertaining to robot assembly,
construction, and maintenance tasks.  How the information extracted from the images
can be integrated to determine what is being viewed and in what positions and orientations
has been determined based on evaluation of the methodologies.  An integrated robot
vision system has been designed and implemented as a result of this research.




 Project Title: 
 Control Theory and End Effector Laws Using An Advanced Multiple Prehension Manipulator 

05.06-9418
Control Theory and End Effector Laws Using An Advanced Multiple Prehension Manipulator
Robo-Tech Systems
77 E. Wilson Bridge Road
Suite 207
Worthington
OH
43085
Skinner
Frank R.
18217
50,000
LaRC

 Abstract: 
The need for advanced end effectors in satellite servicing and maintenance has emphasized
the many technical challenges in end effector design.  Advanced sensors, computer
controls and artificial intelligence have recently opened new doors to the traditional
problems of slip, grip without crush and prehensile pattern recognition.
	Computer simulation can help develop kinematics for a three-finger gripping mechanism.
 Constraint theory has been studied to optimize the number of degrees of freedom.
 A miniature six-component load cell is into each finger.  The control system, using
adaptive control software in a hierarchical structure, can detect the point of application
of the force and the twisting moment transmitted at each finger constraint point.
A prototype gripper has been built and studied.





 Project Title: 
 Coordinated Control of Multiple Manipulator Arms 

05.07-0300A
Coordinated Control of Multiple Manipulator Arms
Odetics, Inc.
1515 S. Manchester Ave.
Anaheim
CA
92802
Bartholet
Stephen J.
17577
49,958
JSC

 Abstract: 
This study will develop a dual manipulator arm system for the coordinated movement
of a commom payload using innovative techniques applied recently by the offeror to
ODEX, a multi-legged walking robot.  The system will operate two six-degree-of-freedom
manipulator arms with path planning in a fashion that allows both arms to produce
a coordinated action on a common payload under the control of an operator using joystick
control.
	The Phase I activities will include acquisition of suitable low cost manipulator
arms and controllers; the interfacing of the arms and controllers with an IBM PC;
the development, programming, and checkout of the required algorithms; and the demonstration
of the system using suitable payloads.  Upon completion of Phase I, Odetics will
recommend a Phase II project that applies the Phase I techniques to more capable
equipment and continues the development of coordinated arm control modes.





 Project Title: 
 Expert Aboard:  An On-Board Consultant System for Satellite Repair 

05.07-5506
Expert Aboard:  An On-Board Consultant System for Satellite Repair
Microexpert Systems, Inc.
21405 Devonshire Blvd., Suite 219-220
Chatswort
CA
91313
Wright
Steven
17567
49,950
JSC

 Abstract: 
We propose to construct an expert system which can identify electronic and electro-mechanical
malfunctions in space.  The program, EXPERT ABOARD, will be fully portable.  It will
draw upon a database of general troubleshooting techniques, specific device knowledge,
and experience with the system under test.  It will interact with a mission specialist
at the satellite or in the space station to aid in the repair of the downed system.
 The program will take information from intelligent instrumentation and the responses
by the mission specialist to focused questions.  It will use heuristic search techniques
to minimize time for fault isolation and increase the speed and accuracy of repairs.
 It will analyze symptoms, provide specialists with possible and probable fault causes,
suggest least path solutions, and exhibit its reasoning when questioned.  It will
be capable of adding new symptoms, rules, knowledge, and reasoning to its knowledge
base.  Phase I will study the feasibility of the idea and will construct a model
consultant program based on a single representative subsystem.  Phase II will analyze
and develop EXPERT ABROAD into a true expert system.





 Project Title: 
 Real-time Autostereoscopic Display 

06.02-6563
Real-time Autostereoscopic Display
Advanced Dimensional Displays
16742 STAGG ST., SUITE 102
Van Nuys
CA
91406
Neuswanger
Craig
12350
49,789
ARC

 Abstract: 
A display technique is described which has desirable properties for presentation
of three-dimensional information.  The display can be updated in real-time through
the use of electrically-addressed spatial light modulators.  It is autostereoscopic
in that a viewer can obtain horizontal parallax and by moving to different parts
of the viewing area can see different views of the displayed object.  In this regard,
the display is similar to multiplexed holograms in use currently, although the device
of interest here displays real-space derived images, not hologrammatically derived
images.  Holographic optical elements are used to control the distribution of image
information to the viewing area.





 Project Title: 
 Smartie - A Fully Automated Structural Design Software System 

06.03-4422
Smartie - A Fully Automated Structural Design Software System
Universal Analytics, Inc.
7740 West Manchester Blvd.
Playa Del Rey
CA
90293
Herendeen
David L.
18221
49,705
LaRC

 Abstract: 
The preliminary design of a comprehensive software system called the Structural Mechanics
Artificially Intelligent Environment (SMARTIE) has been developed to provide a tool
for the fully automated design of a broad class of mechanical products.  The design
embodies a multidisciplinary approach that blends state-of-the-art concepts in computer
science, interactive graphics, finite element analysis, design synthesis and numerical
methods.  Unlike other available systems, it is directed to the design engineer who
is not an expert in finite element analysis or optimization.  The software functions
efficiently on a wide range of computer configurations, and it greatly reduces the
time and cost of product design.  The software system will is engineered to be easily
enhanced and maintained, and it provides a flexible framework for the assimilation
of new technologies as they develop.





 Project Title: 
 Demonstration of the Relog Computer Concept Using Potential Flow 

06.03-6398
Demonstration of the Relog Computer Concept Using Potential Flow
Instrumech
302 Cheadle Road
Yorktown
VA
23692
Kyser
Albert C.
18202
49,888
LaRC

 Abstract: 
The Relaxation Analog ("Relog") Computer is a concept for a new kind of computing
architecture for solving the partial differential equations of fluid mechanics by
means of electronic analog simulation under the control of a standard digital computer.
 The simulation of the flow field is performed by special analog computing hardware,
which is used in an iterative fashion to improve the trial solution; the trial solution
is maintained and evaluated by the digital computer, so that the converged solution
has the full precision of the digital computation.  The concept has the potential
of increasing the computational power of digital computers by several orders of magnitude
for large, difficult problems in computational fluid dynamics, such as those which
arise in aerodynamic profile optimization, flow-visualization displays, and meteorology.
 The Phase I effort will be devoted primarily to a hardware demonstration using an
analog model which represents the two-dimensional potential-flow equations of fluid
mechanics.  In addition, detail design information will be developed for estimating
the cost of a production prototype system for solving the nonlinear, three-dimensional,
compressible-flow equations, which is to be developed and demonstrated in Phase II.





 Project Title: 
 A C-Based Expert System Shell for Real Time Applications 

06.04-0361
A C-Based Expert System Shell for Real Time Applications
Artelligence, Inc.
14902 Preston Road, Suite 212-252
Dallas
TX
75240
Blaine
Lee & Robertson, Paul
17562
49,980
JSC

 Abstract: 
This project addresses the need stated in subtopic 06.04, Software Systems for Mission
Planning and Flight Control, for "a C language system builder to construct event
driven expert systems". Artelligence proposes to use its expertize in C based expert
system development environments to design and develop a C based system for building
event driven expert systems.  The architecture of the constructed systems will be
an adaptation to event driven systems, of the Hearsay "blackboard" architecture for
multiple cooperating expert systems. The resulting systems will utilize multiple
cooperating expert systems to construct internal interpretations of external events
and plan actions, and utilize multiple devices to monitor and affect external events.
In a major enhancement to the Hearsay architecture, the component expert systems
will be interruptible for the processing of higher priority events.
	The primary phase I ob]ective is to demonstrate the feasibility of communication
and scheduling models for the cooperative architecture with interruptible component
expert systems.  In phase II, the primary objectives are a system with an extended
representation language and real time concurrent processsing capablity, and a substantial
application example.  The phase I prototype will be built on a kernel system which
is a version of Artelligence's OPS5+ system.





 Project Title: 
 Magnetoencephalography for Real-Time Computer Control 

06.04-4100
Magnetoencephalography for Real-Time Computer Control
Analytics Inc.
2500 Maryland Road
Willow Grove
PA
19090
Harrington
Nora
17564
49,982
JSC

 Abstract: 
A variety of man-machine interface concepts have been developed in recent years in
an attempt to increase the flow of relevant information between the system and operator,
and alleviate the need for complex, programmer-oriented inputs through the use of
user-friendly workstations.  These concepts have concentrated on the presentation,
selection, or display aspects of the interface.  An aspect of interface design that
has not been extensively explored is the issue of control mechanisms for computer
systems.  Development of advanced software systems for mission planning and control
is desirable to enhance the human operator's job performance especially during periods
of high workload.  The feasibility of using brain wave sensing for computer control
has been explored.  In this regard, brain wave output from the human operator would
serve as a machine input via an appropriate interpreter and interface device.





 Project Title: 
 Integrated Modeling Tool for Performance Engineering of Complex Computer Systems 

06.06-4242
Integrated Modeling Tool for Performance Engineering of Complex Computer Systems
Advanced System Technologies, Inc.
12200 E. Brairwood Avenue, Suite 265
Englewood
CO
80112
WRIGHT
GARY J.
959
49,244
JPL

 Abstract: 
During the development of complex computer systems, performance engineering techniques
are often not applied or are misapplied which results in systems that do not meet
the specified performance criteria or must undergo costly redesigns.  An integrated
computer system modeling language overcomes the deficiencies of traditional analytic
and simulation modeling tools by exploiting the strengths from both discipIines.
 Before such a tool can be developed, the following three technical objectives must
be explored:  definition of the information that analytic modeling techniques can
employ,  definition of the information that simulation techniques can employ, and
definition of a modeling language and modeI input data structure that allows the
information required by analytic techniques to be derived but does not restrict the
capabiIities of the simuIation technique.  Phase I addresses these technical objectives
by developing a specification for an integrated modeling language and the input/output
requirements for a translator that accepts the language constructs and generates
the information required by the two modeling techniques.  The analytic tool will
be used by system engineers early in the design effort to perform optimization studies
so that the most cost effective alternatives can be analyzed in detail using the
simulation model.





 Project Title: 
 A Systolic Ray Tracing Processor 

06.11-3030A
A Systolic Ray Tracing Processor
Zeroone Systems, Inc.
2431 Mission College Blvd.
Santa Clara
CA
95054
Fok
Simon K.
12349
50,000
ARC

 Abstract: 
This project seeks to design an optimal systolic processor for the numerical solution
of ray tracing algorithms.  Ray tracing represents an important facet in the graphics
world because it can simulate the effects of reflection, refraction, and shadows
to produce images that possess a strikingly high degree of realism, not obtainable
by other methods.  Since ray tracing is very computational intensive, requiring huge
amounts of CPU time even on a supercomputer such as the Cray X-MP, and because these
algorithms are not generally amenable to vectorization, Systolic Arrays would be
extremely effective in improving their execution.  The key steps in the optimal design
process are:
	1.  Identification and adaptation of ray tracing algorithms suitable for systolic
implementation.
	2.  Identification of a basis of systolic modules for building a systolic ray tracer.
	3.  Synthesis of the fundamental set of systolic array modules into a ray tracing
processor.





 Project Title: 
 Integrated Optic Device for Laser Beam Scanning 

06.14-4995
Integrated Optic Device for Laser Beam Scanning
Apa Optics, Inc.
2950 84th Lane N.E.
Blaine
MN
55432
Boord
W.T.
17579
47,885
JSC

 Abstract: 
Most laser scanning systems are mechanical, utilizing a motor to rotate a prism,
mirror, or holographic grating.  Such mechanical systems are of relatively large
size and mass.  There is a need for a solid state scanning device which would offer
benefits of reduced size and mass, no moving parts, improved reliability, low cost,
and low power requirement.  We propose to develop an integrated optics (IO) structure
for scanning a laser beam.  The IO device utilizes the electro-optic effect of a
thin film material to establish a Bragg diffraction grating in a planar waveguide.
 The Bragg grating can be activated over small localized regions, and by varying
the location of the activated region, the spatial variation in beam position to an
angular variation in beam position.  The objective of the Phase 1 effort is to characterize
the diffraction efficiency of an electro-optic induced diffraction grating in a planar
waveguide as a function of waveguide thickness, applied voltage, and length and orientation
of the grating.  This data will be analysed to specify the resolution and angular
scan range of the proposed solid state laser scanner.





 Project Title: 
 Optimizing Compiler for Massively Parallel Processors 

06.15-9903
Optimizing Compiler for Massively Parallel Processors
Space Tech Corporation
215 E. OAK ST.
Ft. Collins
CO
80524
Andrews
Michael
29282
49,778
GSFC

 Abstract: 
Compilers can generate code for array/vector processors (such as MPP, CRAY/ STAR/
HEP) without explicit coding of concurrent operations. A major thrust of the study
of the compilers is the incorporation  of AI techniques for the tree-search optimizations
to host data flow and functional programming languages on existing parallel computer
architectures.  The results identify useful expert system methodologies applicable'to
full-scale compilers for the Massively Parallel Processor to capitalize on the concurrent
hardware features.





 Project Title: 
 VLSI State Test Machine 

06.16-7902
VLSI State Test Machine
Cadic, Inc.
7874 SW Nimbus Avenue
Beaverton
OR
97005
Acuff
Mark
964
50,000
JPL

 Abstract: 
The parameters achievable for a 96 pin state test machine has been defined.  This
machine can send and receive digital signals to/from all 96 pins, for the purpose
of testing the functionality of an integrated circuit.
	The voltage levels are set (within specified limits) by the machine's controlling
program, which is resident on a personal or mini computer.  An unlimited number of
test vectors can be used for extensive tests.
	Response time of the device under test is also be set (within specified limits)
by the machine's controlling program. 
	By building a test machine from gate arrays and a personal computer it should be
possible to obtain the most cost effective functional tester yet built.





 Project Title: 
 Deductively Augmented NASA Management Decision Support System 

07.01-1140
Deductively Augmented NASA Management Decision Support System
Nichols Research Corporation
4040 South Memorial Parkway
Huntsville
AL
35802
Gnacek
Anne-Marie
11286
 49,999
KSC

 Abstract: 
The purpose of this project is to design and develop the artificial intelligence
(AI) components needed to create a Deductively Augmented NASA Management Decision
Support System (DANMDS).  Phase I of the project will identify the AI components
required for supporting natural language interface, decision-support rule base development,
appropriate knowledge representation schema and search strategies, distributed data
base access, and interface with existing NASA Data Base Management Systems.  During
Phase II of the project, the unique AI components will be designed and implemented,
and existing NASA AI capability will be integrated where identified as appropriate.





 Project Title: 
 Adaptable Data Acquisition System (ADAS) Concept Definition and Design 

07.02-1700
Adaptable Data Acquisition System (ADAS) Concept Definition and Design
Omitron Incorporated
6411 Ivy Lane, Suite 415
Greenbelt
MD
20770
Hawkins
Frederick J. 
29270
49,181
GSFC

 Abstract: 
Current spacecraft data handling systems using Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) techniques
are frequently mission-unique designs.  Use of data packets provide several benefits
including improved ground data processing.  Incorporation of data transparency can
also enhance utilization of ground equipment for multiple mission phases.  The increased
sophistication of spacecraft instruments, and requirements for instrument change-out
and servicing need development of innovative data handling approaches.   An Adaptable
Data Acquisition System (ADAS) which is modular, low-cost, and configurable to mission-unique
requirements is the research topic.  The ADAS will fully support instrument variable
rate and burst data mode requirements, and can be "optimized" for power system and
volumetric efficiency.  The project objectives are concept development and preliminary
design of the ADAS and its associated test set.  Development of ADAS requirements
and trade-off evaluations for ADAS "optimization" will be performed.  Phase I will
accomplish module definition, design and environmental compatibility studies.  Concept
validity and confidence in achievement of Phase II goals will be demonstrated.  Phase
II will accomplish ADAS detailed design, module prototype fabrication, integration
and functional test, and specification development.  Subsequent commercial development
will provide ADAS systems to satisfy Federal Government an commercial applications
for a range of spacecraft.




 Project Title: 
 Adaptive Focal Plane Processor for Image Enhancement 

07.04-0300
Adaptive Focal Plane Processor for Image Enhancement
Odetics, Inc.
1515 S. Manchester Avenue
Anaheim
CA
92802
Westrom
George
18204
49,812
LaRC

 Abstract: 
The performance of imaging systems is highly dependent on the intensity and distribution
of light illuminating the scene.  The human visual system performs well over a range
of scene brightness far greater than that which man-made image sensing systems are
capable of operating.  Odetics, Inc. proposes an optical model which:  Greatly increases
the range and variability of scene illumination; vastly improves the quality of the
image; signifficantly reduces the amount of data by selectively enhancing and extracting
and target feature.
	The objectives of this project are to demonstrate the model on space imagery add
design a focal-plane processor with the above feasures.  The Phase I effort will
consist of extending the Gaussian model to exponential and other functions and test
on space images and designing a focal-plane.  The Phase II effort will result in
a real-time adaptive focal-plan processor which will have broad application on space,
military and commercial programs.






 Project Title: 
 Applicability of Expert System Techniques to Space Research 

07.05-1200
Applicability of Expert System Techniques to Space Research
Computer Technology Associates, Inc.
5680 S. Syracuse Circle, Suite 506
Englewood
CO
80111
Hobbs
Robert W.
29266
50,000
GSFC

 Abstract: 
The purpose of this project is to study the feasibility of providing on-line assistance
to space scientists using an expert system.  In Phase I, the process will be examined
in terms of how advanced computer science techniques can be used to provide support
in information management, data retrieval and analysis.  We will study the language
structure necessary to support such an expert system, and will develop a small-scale
prototype.  The significance of this project is that if expert knowledge in space
research can be captured and codified, it can be used in an expert system to conduct
research on data to be obtained from space.  Expert systems have been shown to be
effective in assisting practitioners in several fields.
	As the space station is being planned, it is appropriate to study a cost-effective
means using pre-existing expert knowledge to support the analysis of the large volume
of scientific data that will come from scientific instruments in space.  In this
project we will develop a language, formulate rules, and develop a small-scale prototype
expert system to assist a space scientist in conducting a scientific research program.
 The concepts that will be developed will have a broad applicability in research
in physical sciences and remote sensing.






 Project Title: 
 Pattern Recognition of Satellite Cloud Imagery for Improved Weather Prediction 

07.06-4539
Pattern Recognition of Satellite Cloud Imagery for Improved Weather Prediction
Chase Consulting, Inc.
3543 Caminito Carmel Landing
San Diego
CA
92130
Gautier
Catherine
29269
50,000
GSFC

 Abstract: 
The overall objective of this project is to develop a method for extracting time
derivative information from geostationary meteorological satellite imagery for the
purpose of improving numerical weather prediction.  In Phase I, we shall undertake
to carry out a proof-of-concept study to demonstrate the feasibility of using pattern
recognition techniques and a statistical cloud classification method to estimate
time rates of change of large-scale meteorological fields from remote sensing data.
 For this purpose, we shall analyze visible and infrared geostationary satellite
images.  The cloud classification methodology will be based on Typical Shape Function
analysis of parameter sets characterizing the cloud fields.  An idealized numerical
weather prediction model will be used to test the potential value of the concept
for improving modeled physical processes using the differences between observed and
computed time rates of change.
	Forecast verification studies, in conjunction with predictability theories, show
that the early hours of numerical weather prediction are typically characterized
by a rapid decay of skill. If observational estimates of time derivatives can be
compared with numerical computations during this critical period, a potentially valuable
new tool will have been made available for improving numerical weather prediction
models.





 Project Title: 
 Spacecraft Sensor Alignment Estimation 

07.07-8800
Spacecraft Sensor Alignment Estimation
Business And Technological Systems, Inc.
10210 Greenbelt Road, Suite 440
Seabrook
MD
20706
Shuster
Malcolm D.
29268
49,300
GSFC

 Abstract: 
Postlaunch vector-sensor alignment calibration may provide optimal estimates of sensor
misalignments based on ground-testing results and inflight data.  Two types of algorithms
are presented which would be applicable either to spacecraft which determine attitude
from vector sensors alone or to spacecraft which use vector sensors and three-axis
gyros.  The approach is based on maximum likelihood estimation, which is a well-establ1shed
parameter estimation technique, and uses a realistic probablistic model for sensor
measurement errors.  A sufficient statistic is used to provide commonality between
the two algorithm types, to greatly reduce the computational burden, and to allow
optional suboptimal misalignment estimates (which provide useful diagnostic information)
to be calculated without reprocessing the data. Redundancy and correlations between
derived measurements are treated exactly so that it becomes possible to calculate
confidence bounds correctly, perhaps for the first time.  This analysis leads to
an extremely efficient, flexible, modular and user-friendly software package which
yields the best possible estimate of the misalignments and is fast enough to be used
interactively or even be implemented on an onboard computer.






 Project Title: 
 Communications for Distributed and Concurrent Processing on Microcomputers 

07.10-0396
Communications for Distributed and Concurrent Processing on Microcomputers
Digital Analysis Corporation
Po Box 2850
Reston
Va
22090
Tole
John Roy
29273
49,588
GSFC

 Abstract: 
The objective of this project is to develop the design and a pilot implementation
of two communications packages which will support distributed computing from a microcomputer
workstation use.  Particular emphasis is given to the problem of dial-up access to
communiction networks in the context of distributed data base management systems.
	The first package addresses the problem of simultaneously running an application,
such as a spread sheet, while communicating with a remote computer.  This product
will make it possible to avoid the current sequential procedures for handling two
applications such as these.
	The second communications package addresses the design of a systems architecture
which will support multiple simultaneous sessions between a microcomputer system
and a number of remote computers.  We have identified a specific application, a distributed
data base, to which we propose to apply the system we design.
	These two products will be designed and tested in conjunction with the Distributed
Access View Integrated Data Base (DAVID) System currently being developed within
NASA.  A prototype communication system involving a microcomputer and several minicomputers
executing data base management systems with related but different schema will be
used to study the utility of our approach.





 Project Title: 
 Expert Projeot Management System Generator 

07.11-3317
Expert Projeot Management System Generator
Silverman & Associates
9653 Reach Road
Potomac
MD
20854
Silverman
Barry G.
949
45,517
JPL

 Abstract: 
Successful project managers (PMs) have been shown to rely on "intuition," experience,
and analogical reasoning heuristics.  For new PMs to be trained and experienced PMs
to avoid repeating others' mistakes, it is necessary to make the knowledge and heuristics
of successful PMs more widely available.  A model of PM thought processes evolved
over the last decade is now ready to be implemented as a generic PM aid.  This aid
consists of a series of "specialist" expert systems (CRITIC, LIBRARIAN, IDEA MAN,
CRAFTSMAN, and WRITER) that communicate with each other via a "blackboard" architecture.
 The various specialist expert systems are driven to support PM training and problem
solving since any "answers" they pass to the blackboard are subjected to conflict
identification (AGENDA FORMULATOR) and GOAL SETTER inference engines.  A prototype
of this architecture has been designed a sample knowledge base has been gathered
from GSFC PMs. The prototype has been implemented in a graphics-oriented, LISP machine
environment to obtain potential user evaluations of the prototype.  The desired PM
tool will be an Expert PM System (EPMS) generator that can be adapted to any PM setting.
 Such a special purpose generator is expected to have a clear PM marketplace advantage
over general-purpose expert system generators.






 Project Title: 
 Feasibility Study for a New Generation CCD Imager System 

08.01-8961
Feasibility Study for a New Generation CCD Imager System
Photometrics Ltd.
2010 North Forbes Boulevard, Suite 103
Tucson
AR
85745
Aikens
Richard
29284
48,650
GSFC

 Abstract: 
This project will study the feasibility of constructing a new generation, low noise,
super high resolution CCD imaging system.  This system employs the 2048 x 2048 resolution
element, 3,060 mm2 photoactive area, low noise, backside illuminated, Tektronix CCD.
 This device represents a tremendous increase in the number of resolution elements
and photoactive area available over any type of solid state array detector.  Tektronix
has predicted that a readout noise of five electrons should be obtainable for this
CCD detector.  The first stage in this project will be the design of new low noise
preamplifiers needed to obtain this read noise.  In order to determine the electro-optical
properties of this new family of CCDs, as well as optimize the operating characteristics,
this project will focus on the currently available and more tractable, electrically
identical 5l2 x 5l2 Tektronix CCD.  Using the knowledge learned from the smaller
device evaluation, the technical requirements involved with implementing the larger
2048 x 2048 backside imager will be investigated.





 Project Title: 
 Photoelectrochemical Fabrication of Spectroscopic Diffraction Gratings 

08.01-9450
Photoelectrochemical Fabrication of Spectroscopic Diffraction Gratings
Eic Laboratories, Inc.
111 Downey Street
Norwood
MA
02062
Rauh
David R.
29279
50,000
GSFC

 Abstract: 
Photoelectrochemical etching is a one step, maskless process for producing diffraction
and transmission gratings in hard inorganic optical materials.  The substrate material
must be a semiconductor and the etching light source must be of energy greater than
its bandgap.  The grating pattern is projected onto the substrate immersed in a mild
etching electrolyte, and it is etched in relief preferentially in areas of illumination
to a depth proportional to illumination intensity and exposure time.  In principle,
the process has molecular level resolution, and shallow interference gratings have
been photoelectrochemically etched with periods exceeding 6000 grooves/mm.

	Phase I entails demonstration of efficient gratings in Si and ZnSe optically polished
crystals.  Three kinds of groove profiles will be considered:  sinusoidal, produced
holographically; laminar (used in x-ray spectroscopy) and sawtooth (used in Eschelles)
by projection imaging.  Effects of etchant composition, external electrical bias,
total exposure, crystalline orientation and surface preparation on grating morphology
and optical efficiency will be examined.




 Project Title: 
 Local Oscillators for Millimeter and Submillimeter Radiometers 

08.02-8551A
Local Oscillators for Millimeter and Submillimeter Radiometers
Millitech Corporation
P.O. Box 109, South Deerfield Research Park
South Deerfield
MA
01373
Deo
Naresh C.
952
49,997
JPL

 Abstract: 
Expansion of space-borne radiometers and other action systems into the submillimeter
frequency spectrum has shown the severe limitations on source performance imposed
by prevailing technology.  This project investigates new approaches to source design
in order to produce reliable, efficient, low noise, frequency stable, adequately
powerful oscillators for driving mixers and frequency multipliers in the millimeter
and submillimeter range.  Areas of research are:  Indium Phosphide Gunn diodes, advanced
dielectric resonators, and cavity, resonator, and active device packaging.  The project
will be geared to advancing the state-of-the-art in millimeter and submillimeter
local oscillator/driver sources for space-borne applications.




 Project Title: 
 A Cryogenic Absolute Radiometer for Earth Radiation Sensing 

08.04-2627
A Cryogenic Absolute Radiometer for Earth Radiation Sensing
Cambridge Research And Instrumentation, Inc.
21 Erie Street
Cambridge
MA
02139
Foukal
Peter V.
617-491-2627
50319
18223
50,000
LaRC

 Abstract: 
The purpose of this project is to develop a helium-cooled absolute radiometer suitable
for wide-band measurements of the Earth's radiation at an angular resolution two
orders of magnitude better than achieved with the existing ERBE radiometers.  We
have constructed and characterized a helium-cooled radiometer over the past four
years.  This sucessful instrument is optimized for laboratory standards applications
and is presently being used for studies of photodiode yield under laser illumination.
 The aim of this Phase I study is to design and construct an ultra low-mass receiver
for this radiometer and test its performance against a numerical heat flow model.
 This comparison will enable us to determine whether the dramatic advantages in sensitivity
and time constant that a helium-cooled radiometer seems to offer in such a measurement
can be realized in practice.  If the Phase I results are favorable, we will request
Phase II support to construct a prototype helium-cooled radiometer optimized for
Earth radiation measurements from the Shuttle and the Space Station.




 Project Title: 
 Non-Scanning Climate Sensor 

08.04-6745
Non-Scanning Climate Sensor
Space Instruments Company
638 Santa Alicia
Solana Beach
CA
92075
Hoffman
James W.
29275
49,963
GSFC

 Abstract: 
To make accurate measurements of the Earth's Radiation Budget it is necessary to
obtain angular distribution measurements as well as total radiation measurements.
 To date, these angular measurements have been made in separate scanning instruments
which mechanically scan a set of detectors across the earth.  These mechanical scanners
have limited lifetimes and require optical telescopes to provide the required sensitivity.
 The optical elements introduce spectral and polarization effects which degrade the
accuracy of the data and are difficult to calibrate out.  The data rates and power
consumption are also high for scanning instruments.
	A new type of climate sensor will be developed to obtain angular measurements in
all of the desired directions by means of a non-scanning mosaic array of detectors.
 The detectors to be used are the Active Cavity Radiometer detectors developed and
flown on the NASA/TRW ERBE non-scanner instrument.  These detectors measure energy
directly by means of a temperature balance system.  They are, therefore, extremely
stable and accurate and have a flat spectral response.  The proposed single instrument
would include not only a mosaic array of ACR detectors but also a set of wide field
of view ACR detectors for viewing the whole earth.





 Project Title: 
 Satellite Rainfall Retrieval by Logistic Regression Analysis 

08.04-8442
Satellite Rainfall Retrieval by Logistic Regression Analysis
Applied Research Corporation
8201 Corporate Drive, Suite 920
Landover
MD
20785
Chiu
Long S.
29271

GSFC

 Abstract: 
Center:
Applied Research Corporation proposes to examine the estimation of global rainfall
by logistic regression analysis.  We will apply the analysis on the GATE data, using
as covariates such as height of the rain column, microwave temperature and fractional
cloud cover; identify important parameters in the estimation procedure; develop logistic
regression models for rainfall estimation; apply the analysis on simulated rainfall
data; and compare results from our study with other estimates.




 Project Title: 
 Transient Radiation Effects in Silicon CCDs 

08.05-0333
Transient Radiation Effects in Silicon CCDs
Scientific Research Associates, Inc.
P.O. Box 498
Glastonbury
CT
06033
Weinberg
Bernard C.
203-659-0333
50088
29281
 	NASA
Center:GSFC
The transient behavior of a silicon charge coupled device (CCD) and its response
to incident radiation has been studied, due to recent analytical and hardware studies
identifing the potentially significant benefits (i.e. reduced Psuedonoise (PN) Code
Acquisition time) that may be achieved via the application of Charge Coupled Device
(CCD) PN matched filters (PNMF).  While increasing data are being presented to suggest
CCD/PNMF viability for ground-based applications, there is concern as to the CCD
viability for on-board spacecraft applications with respect to radiation sensitivity.
 This technique solves the governing drift and diffusion equations coupled to Poisson's
equation by an efficient numerical procedure.  An innovative aspect of this aproach
is the use of a wide-band heterojunction formulation for the Si/Si02 interface. 
A three-phase coplanar layered buried channel charge coupled device has demonstrated
the fesibility. Solutions of the approach have been obtained for the steady state
static and transient transfer modes of operation.  In addition, an incident ionizing
radiation track simulation has been conducted and and an "early time" solution obtained.
 The method developed is also applicable to surface channel charged coupled devices.

 Abstract: 






 Project Title: 
 Narrow Bandgap Semiconducting Silicides:  Intrinsic Infrared Detectors on a Silicon 

08.06-4131
Narrow Bandgap Semiconducting Silicides:  Intrinsic Infrared Detectors on a Silicon
Chip
Colorado Research and Development Corporation
620 17th Street, Suite 1620
Fort Collins
CO
80526-2891
Mahan
John E.
950
49,415
JPL

 Abstract: 
A fundamental investigation of the optical properties of three narrow bandgap, semiconducting
transition metal silicides have been made to determine if these materials are suitable
for the development of a new class of intrinsic infrared detectors integrated directly
onto a silicon chip.  Distinct advantages include a compatability with existing silicon
microelectronics processing enabling the monolithic integration of detectors and
signal processing electronics, and the high spectral response of intrinsic semiconductor
detectors.  Thin films of CrSiz, LaSiz, and ReSiz, have provided structural and compositional
characteristics and optical properties in the vicinity of their fundamental absorption
edges.  The energy dependences of the optical absorption constants and the complex
indices of refraction have been determined from spectural and compositional characteristics
and optical properties in the vicinity of their fundamental absorption edges.  The
energy dependences of the optical absorption constants and the complex indices of
refraction have been determined from spectral transmittance and reflectance data.
 This is the first step in the evaluation of these materials as intrinsic infrared
detectors.  Photoelectronic (rather than optical) material properties crucial to
detector performance, and techniques for fabricating practical device structures
will provide the next level of data.





 Project Title: 
 A New Approach to Large Area Microchannel Plate Manufacture 

08.07-4030
A New Approach to Large Area Microchannel Plate Manufacture
Detector Technology, Inc.
P.O. Box K-300
Brookfield
MA
01506
Graves
Peter W.
29274

GSFC

 Abstract: 
High gain, large area microchannel plates (MCP) presently are limited in both capabilities
and size by the present means of manufacture.  The main problem is that the comnlexity
of shearing to curve the individual channels increases as the size requirements increase.
 By a unique new means of manufacture, Detector Technology, Inc., projects that operational
limitations will be eliminated.  Our methods of curving the channels to prevent ion
feedback will not be a factor in limiting the MCP size, or indeed the shape and will
also be a factor in increasing yields and thus reducing costs.
	An engineering program has already been carried out yielding results on standard
l8mm active area MCP which shows the method has merit.  Phase I of this project would
be required to perfect techniques of manufacture to a point where a very functional
macrochannel plate is a manufacturing practicality.  Phase II would be required to
expand this capability to higher resolution and larger MCP sizes.






 Project Title: 
 Cobalt-doped Magnesium Fluoride Laser for Remote Sensing 

08.08-1802
Cobalt-doped Magnesium Fluoride Laser for Remote Sensing
Schwartz Electro-optics, Inc.
4806 North Orange Blossom Trail
Orlando
FL
32810
Moulton
Peter F.
18210
49,433
LaRC

 Abstract: 
The major portion of the effort will be to develop a Co:MgF2 laser system suitable
for use in possible NASA missions.  Most of the work on Co:MgF2 lasers has involved
the use of liquid nitrogen for cooling of the crystal, a major inconvenience for
practical applications.  This project would, by a combination of theoretical and
experimental work, investigate operation of the Co:MgF2 laser at higher crystal temperatures,
with the goal of demonstrating useful performance in the range of temperatures covered
by thermoelectric coolers.  In addition, laser tuning schemes would be developed
to provide the combination of narrow linewidths and tunability needed for atmospheric
remote sensing.  Finally, a demonstration system would be assembled as a first step
in the eventual development of a commercial product.
	Some of the effort will be directed to support crystal-growth research, which will
eventually establish a production facility capable of supplying the anticipated need
for laser crystals.




 Project Title: 
 High Efficiency Laser for Spaceborne Lidar Applications 

08.08-8477
High Efficiency Laser for Spaceborne Lidar Applications
Spectron Development Laboratories, Inc
3303 Harbor Boulevard, Suite G-3
Costa Mesa
CA
92626
Trolinger
James D.
18205
49,951
LaRC

 Abstract: 
A new laser material, termed GSGG has unique properties which could prove extremely
beneficial in spaceborne lidar application.  Efficiencies significantly higher than
conventional solid state materials provide the potential of reduced weight, size
and power requirement for the same energy output as obtained, for example, from a
YAG laser.  This could have profound implications in spaceborne applicatons such
as lidar.





 Project Title: 
 Fabrication Of Light Weight Lidar Mirrors 

08.08-9243
Fabrication Of Light Weight Lidar Mirrors
CVD Incorporated
185 New Boston Street
Woburn
MA
01801
Goela
Jitendra Singh
18222
49,976
LaRC

 Abstract: 
Silicon and silicon/silicon carbide hybrid materials have been identified as potential
substrates for the fabrication of large, light-weight mirrors such as lidar for NASA
space applications such as lidar.  The feasibility of fabricating large finished
or near-finished silicon and/or silicon/silicon carbide lidar mirrors via a scalable
and cost-effective chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process has been established.
 In Phase I, the degree of replication of mirror figure and finish has been determined
in silicon, and the optimum conditions for replications established.  Also, a hybrid
Si/SiC material has been produced and characterized.  The material characterization
includes determination of the thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient,
elastic modulus and density.  Analytical understanding of the CVD process has provided
optimum process scaling to sizes of l-m in diameter and larger.



 Project Title: 
 A New Process to Produce Infrared Filters 

08.09-0755
A New Process to Produce Infrared Filters
Lightwave Electronics Corporation
897-4A Independence Avenue
Mountain View
CA
94043
Costich
Verne R.
12352
49,450
ARC

 Abstract: 
This project seeks to demonstrate the feasibility of producing infrared filters for
cryogenic use by transfering and, then, vacuum welding layers. This process allows
the layers to be produced in separate chambers, preventing the cross-contamination
problem.  It also sidesteps mechanical stress buildup, the major problem.  It also
allows quality control of individual layers, thus improving yields and reducing prices.
 Five batches of filters will be produced, tested spectrally, thermally cycled and
retested spectrally.




 Project Title: 
 Advanced Helium Magmetometers For Space Applications 

08.10-2753
Advanced Helium Magmetometers For Space Applications
Polatomic, Inc.
307 Arborcrest
Richardson
TX
75080
Slocum
Robert E.
956
45,540
JPL

 Abstract: 
The goal of Phase I is development of an advanced optically pumped helium magnetometer
concept.  This istrument will measure magnetic fields in the l to l0-8 Gauss range
with order of magnitude improvements in sensitivity and absolute accuracy over existing
magnetometers.  Optically pumped helium isotopes can be optically pumped and used
as magnetometers in the following three modes: (l)  vector mode (parameter resonance),
(2)  scalar mode (magnetic resonance), and (3) free precession mode. 
	Single line pumping to achieve improved sensitivity and accuracy will be theoretically
investigated for each mode.  Laser diode sources will be sought and, if currently
available, evaluated for optical pumping at l.083 micron.  A magnetometer concept
will be developed which identifies the optimum combination of modes and pumping source
for space and geophysical applications.




 Project Title: 
 Multi-Function Fiber Optic Magnetometer/Gradiometer 

08.10-5433
Multi-Function Fiber Optic Magnetometer/Gradiometer
Dynamics Technology, Inc.
21311 Hawthorne Blvd., Suite 300
Torrance
CA
90503
Dube
Michael C.
960
50,000
JPL

 Abstract: 
A high sensitivity multi-function magnetic sensor system based on the proven concept
of a fiber-optic interferometric magnetic transducer is used to measure planetary
magnetic fields and (to measure? or for?) other spacecraft applications.  Fiber-optic
magnetic field transducers have been shown to have high sensitivity, very large dynamic
range, and large bandwidth suitable for spacecraft missions.  This novel sensor design
permits a range of vector and total magnetic field and field gradient measurements
with a single instrument.  A laboratory fiber magnetic sensor has been built and
tested to assess sensor sensitivity, multi-function capabilities and engineering
issues related to spacecraft applications.  A preliminary prototype design can be
prepared based on the laboratory data to demonstrate the design feasibility and establish
requirements for Phase II prototype development.




 Project Title: 
 In-Situ Characterization of the Size and Composition of Atmospheric Aerosols by FT-IR 

08.12-9806
In-Situ Characterization of the Size and Composition of Atmospheric Aerosols by FT-IR
Advanced Fuel Research, Inc.
P.O. Box 18343
East Harford
CT
06118
Solomon
Peter R.
18206
Amount 49,956
LaRC

 Abstract: 
The atmosphere contains many naturally occurring and manmade fine particles and aerosols.
 These particles affect weather, air quality and communications.  Knowledge of their
concentration, composition, distribution and transport is important to the prediction
of weather, detection and control of pollution, health, monitoring of vegetation
and atmospheric chemistry.  While methods presently exist for the capture, size classification
and composition determination of fine particles, there is a need for in-situ methods
of analysis of particulates directly within the atmosphere.  The chemical composition,
size and size distribution of aerosols can be determined using both absorption and
scattering measurements made with a Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometer.
 The Measurements can provide data on the gaseous species concentration gas temperature
and particle temperature as well.  The technique can be used to provide data on aerosols
located between the instrument's source and detector or can be used with the sun
as a source.  The raw data is the total extinction or scattering along a line of
sight.  Spatial distribution profiles can be obtained using tomographic techniques
to deconvolute data along complementary lines of sight.  These complementary data
could be obtained with several instruments, with a mobile ground based or airborn
instrument using the sun as a source, by using a fixed detector and tracking the
sun at several positions or by using a fixed hot source on earth (e.g. mirrors reflecting
solar radiation) and a satellite detector.





 Project Title: 
 Development of an In Situ Particle Sizing System 

08.13-0375
Development of an In Situ Particle Sizing System
SRS Technologies
555 Sparkman Drive, Suite 1406
Huntsville
AL
35805
Ghosh
Ashoke
18218
49,999
LaRC

 Abstract: 
The objective of this effort is to develop and examine the theoretical basis for
in situ particle sizing with a Laser Doppler Velocimeter-LDV optical system.  The
innovation of the proposed approach is the simultaneous measurement of four different
LDV signal characteristics to obtain simultaneously and in situ, particle size distributions,
particle number densities and particle velocities, for particles in the size range
O.25 to 1O pm.  The analysis will define ways to improve a particle sizing interferometer
(PSI) - which uses the LDV optical system and may use one or more beams of the LDV
- to measure accurately and simultaneously, particle size distributions, number densities
and velocities.  Improvement of the PSI will focus on simultaneously determining
particle size using four independent, synchronized measurements of the LDV signal.
 Comparison of the resulting particle size distributions from these four methods
will enable tighter tolerances to be specified on the measured size distributions.
 The analysis will also be utilized to:  (1)  determine measurement volume normalization
weightinq factors (2)  determine effects of particle index refraction variations,
(3)  develop a new inversion scheme which will define actual size distributions from
measured distributions, and (4)  identify size and scattering cross section.




 Project Title: 
 Microchannel Plates in Advanced Wind-Tunnel Instrumentation 

08.13-9191
Microchannel Plates in Advanced Wind-Tunnel Instrumentation
Galileo Electro-optics Corporation
Galileo Park
Sturbridge
MA
01518
Osten
Donald E.
18220

LaRC

 Abstract: 
Microchannel plate innovations are described which will assist in the development
of advanced wind tunnel instrumentation.  (l)  The mass spectrometric measurement
of boundary layer gasses; (2)  Temperature measurement of gasses; (3)  High sensitivity
thermal imaging of transients; (4)  Optical spectroscopy and photography for flow
visualization in high enthalpy test facilities.  Innovations which must be developed
to make such instruments practical include developing techniques to reduce the frequency
of spurious electron pulse emission from microchannel plates which constitute background
noise and secondly to accelerate the channel recovery process, thereby raising the
permissible maximum signal frequency.  It is shown that together these techniques
can lead to a factor of l000 growth in dynamic range.  It is also suggested that
the effort Galileo is already devoting to new high-silica aterials for microchannel
plates and optical fibers will further enhance the usefulness of these instruments
by permitting higher temperature operation.



 Project Title: 
 Contaminant Flux Experiment and Modeling 

08.16-1572
Contaminant Flux Experiment and Modeling
Science and Engineering Associates, Inc.
P.O. Box 3722
Albuquerque
NM
87190
Rantanen
R. O.
29278
49,680
GSFC

 Abstract: 
An innovative approach to developing a return flux experiment of vehicle emitted
gases, via collisions with the ambient atmosphere, is presented.  The sensors and
sources requirements are developed in conjunction with necessary modeling parameters
assessment.  The experiment package is designed for deployment in the Shuttle payload
bay.  The sensors to be evaluated include a pressure gauge with directional sensing
and directional shielding capability and a mass spectrometer.  Shuttle integration
requirements are determined or experiment hardware and orbital conditions.




 Project Title: 
 Frequency Domain Design of Robust Controllers for Large Space Structures 

09.01-1692
Frequency Domain Design of Robust Controllers for Large Space Structures
Systems Engineering, Inc.
7833 Walker Drive, Suite 308
Greenbelt,
MD.
20770
Bennett
William
18209
49,985
LaRC

 Abstract: 
A major difficulty with current design methods for large space structures is their
inability to cope with two fundamental characteristics of such systems:  (a) large
model inaccuracies, and (b) multiplicity of control loops in a hierarchical control
organization.  Highly interactive CAD methodology for large space structures has
been developed based on frequency domain models. The latter offer the following advantages:
 (i) can be verified by experimental data, (ii) allow development of robust controllers
in a natural way, (iii) can tolerate "large" model inaccuracies or variations and
(iv) permit the establishment of a quantitative tradeoff between complexity of the
hierarchical control multiloop structure and performance of the controller.  This
approach builds on three fundamental techniques:  (a) transfer function models for
distributed systems and their approximations; (b) results on factorizations and representations
for irrational functions; (c) interactive optimization packages (DELIGHT) in the
search for feasible designs satisfying practical engineering specifications.  The
third technique is of particular interest because it permits the treatment of specifications
directly placed on the shape of the closed loop transfer function and/or unit step
response.




 Project Title: 
 Tether Deployment Monitoring System 

09.02-5050
Tether Deployment Monitoring System
Anco Engineers, Inc.
9937 Jefferson Boulevard
Culver City,
CA.
90232
Ibanez
Paul
36268
49,940
MSFC

 Abstract: 
The feasibility and economics of using tethers for station-keeping or sling-launch
of payloads is highly dependent on the reliable control of the tether itself in an
environment.  The tether deployment monitoring system (TDMS) would provide data on
the tether's condition. guidance information, and early warning on possible failure
conditions.  Instrument packages would be deployed along the tether, applied, and
removed during tether deployment and recovery.  It need have no effect on tether
design construction, or deployment.
	The Phase I project will prototype such an instrument package,  attachment and detachment
systems, develop operating parameters, and check out fundamental operation to verify
the concept's feasibility.




 Project Title: 
 Spacecraft Stirling Refrigerator 

09.06-1856
Spacecraft Stirling Refrigerator
General Pheumatics Corp.,Western Research Center
7662 E. Gray Road
Scottsdale, AZ
85260
Walker
Graham
601-998-1856
50078
36266
50,000
MSFC

 Abstract: 
A refrigerator specially developed for use in space-craft provides cooling for low
temperature storage of food and biological samples in the temperature range of 0oF
to 20oF and capcities in the range 1 to 2 KW.  The system operates on the Stirling
refrigeration cycle.  This is a closed, thermodynamic regenerative cycle in which
the gaseous working fluid experiences repeated compression and expansion at different
temperature levels.  The Stirling refrigerator has many advantages over the more
conventional vapor-compression system with an organic working fluid; it can use the
spacecraft life-support gases as the working fluid.  This obviates problems of leakage
and thus relieves the seal problem.  The inventory of fluids on board is reduced.
 Moreover, since the working fluid does not experience a phase change there is no
problem of fluid management of liquids and vapors.  The pressure and temperature
levels can be independently chosen and varied over a wide range to achieve a specific
cooling load profile.  There are no limits to the upper temperature for heat rejection
or the lower temperature for heat absorption.

	Stirling refrigerators are not widely used at near-ambient temperatures but are
the system of choice for miniature cryocoolers in infrared and other cryogenic electronic
applications.  The technology is thus well developed and established with no apparent
fundamental problems awaiting solution.





 Project Title: 
 An All-Metal Compact Heat Exchanger For Spaceborne Cryocooler 

09.07-3800
An All-Metal Compact Heat Exchanger For Spaceborne Cryocooler
Creare Inc.
P.O. Box 71
Hanover
NH
03755
Sixsmith
Herbert
603-643-3800
50219
29277
49,300
GSFC

 Abstract: 
The overall cycle efficiency (hence, input power requirements) of reverse-Brayton
cryocoolers for space applications is highly sensitive to the thermal effectiveness
of the heat exchangers. Applications for these cryocoolers in space dictate that
these heat exchangers be as small and light as possible.  To date, only heat exchangers
employing organic materials have been able to achieve the high thermal effectiveness
values required for these systems within the allowed size and weight limitations.
 However, heat exchangers with organic materials degrade cycle performance by leakage
and system contamination.  Therefore, a compact all-metal heat exchanger with high
thermal effectiveness is highly desirable.

	A high performance, all metal heat exchanger has been developed, based on evaluation
of two heat exchanger concepts, with respect to size and weight with, the aim of
achieving a thermal effectiveness in excess of 0.98 with minimal pressure drop. 
Fabrication and assembly techniques of key exchanger elements has also been developed.





 Project Title: 
 Thermal Design of a Precollimator 

09.08-5710
Thermal Design of a Precollimator
Analytix Corporation
P.O. Box 4044, 1818 Blakefield Circle
Timonium
MD
21093
Noravian
Heros
301-321-5710
50730
29267
43,213
GSFC

 Abstract: 
The innovation involves the design of a system (to be referred to as a Thermal Precollimator)
to provide a thermal gradient in fron of grazing incidence X-ray telescopes while
minimizing obscuration of the telescope field-of-view.  The system should occupy
a minimum of space (3 inches) above the telescope and it should be designed not to
distort due to thermal gradients and thereby change the percentage of obscuration.
 The section of the telescope under investigation is its aperture which is consisted
of four individual (9O-degree) segments.  The reflecting surfaces (O,OO5 inch thin
polished--name plate finish--aluminum--type 1145), occupy the telescope aperture,
are p